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Bone and Joint Infections: From Microbiology to Diagnostics and Treatment

Tác giả: Zimmerli, W.

Chủ đề:

Chủ đề: Medicine; Bone; Joint Infections

Nhà xuất bản: Wiley-Blackwell

Năm xuất bản: 2015

Loại tài liệu: Book

Mô tả vật lý: 415 p.

Định danh: 978-1-118-58177-3

Ngôn ngữ: en

Đọc trực tuyến

Tải tài liệu

Bone and Joint Infections takes a multidisciplinary approach in covering the diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis, including different types of implant-associated infections. Correct and rapid diagnosis of bone and joint infection is crucial, and requires the input of a variety of specialists. Bone and Joint Infection takes a similarly collaborative and comprehensive approach, including chapters authored by clinicians, laboratory specialists, and surgeons.

Cover
Half-title
Title pages
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Contributors
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1 Introduction
- References
Chapter 2 Microbiology of Bone and Joint Infections
- Microorganisms in Osteomyelitis
  - Acute Osteomyelitis in Adults
  - Acute Osteomyelitis in Children
  - Chronic Osteomyelitis
  - Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis
  - Vertebral Osteomyelitis
  - Brucella Osteomyelitis
  - Tuberculous Osteomyelitis
- Microorganisms in Implant-Associated Bone and Joint Infection
  - PJI after Knee Arthroplasty
  - PJI after Ankle Arthroplasty
  - PJI after Elbow Arthroplasty
  - PJI after Hip Arthroplasty
  - PJI after Shoulder Arthroplasty
  - Implant-Associated Infection of the Long Bones
  - Spinal ImplantAssociated Infection
- Microorganisms in Native Joint Arthritis
  - Native Joint Arthritis in Children
  - Native Joint Infection in Adults
- Diagnostic Approach in Osteomyelitis
  - Histopathological Studies
  - Inflammatory Parameters
  - Microbiological Studies
  - Antigen and Antibody Testing
- Diagnostic Approach in Foreign BodyAssociated Infection
  - Histopathological Studies
  - Microbiological Studies
  - Inflammatory Parameters
  - Molecular Studies
  - Synovial Fluid Studies
- Diagnostic Approach in Native Joint Infection
  - Inflammatory Parameters
  - Blood Cultures
  - Synovial Fluid Studies
  - Molecular Studies
- Acknowledgment
- Novel Diagnostic Procedures
- References
Chapter 3 Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antibiotics in Bone
- Pharmacokinetics
- Bone Sample Preparation and Analysis
- Pharmacokinetic Sampling and Data Analysis
- Penetration of Antibiotics into Bone
  - Fluroquinolones
  - Clindamycin
  - Macrolides and Telithromycin
  - Cephalosporins
  - Rifampicin
  - Tetracyclines and Tigecycline
  - Penicillins and β-Lactamase Inhibitors
  - Daptomycin
  - Fosfomycin
  - Linezolid
  - Glycopeptides
- Pharmacodynamics and Monte Carlo Simulations
- Conclusions
- Key Points
- References
Chapter 4 Preclinical Models of Infection in Bone and Joint Surgery
- Introduction
- Influence of Species in Preclinical Models of Bone and Joint Infection
- Direct Inoculation with Minimal Trauma
- Overview of Animal Models
- Animal Osteomyelitis Models Incorporating Trauma
- Hematogenous Models
- Future Directions
- Conclusion
- Key Points
- References
Chapter 5 Native Joint Arthritis in Children
- Epidemiology
- Introduction
- Microbiology
  - Specific Microorganisms and Predisposition
  - Culture-Negative Septic Arthritis
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Presentation
- Laboratory Investigation
- Differential Diagnosis
- Imaging Studies
- Treatment
  - Joint Space Drainage
  - Antibiotic Therapy
  - Adjunctive Anti-inflammatory Therapy
- Prognosis
- Key Points
- References
Chapter 6 Native Joint Arthritis
- Introduction
- Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, and Microbiology
- Diagnosis
  - Microbiological Diagnosis
  - Signs and Symptoms
  - Blood Chemistry
  - Synovial Fluid Analysis
  - Radiology
- Treatment
  - Resection, Arthrodesis, or Amputation
  - Surgical Drainage versus Arthrocentesis
  - Antimicrobial Therapy
- Outcome of Native Joint Septic Arthritis
- Acknowledgments
- Key Points
- References
Chapter 7 Septic Arthritis of Axial Joints
- Septic Arthritis of the Sternoclavicular Joint
  - Introduction
  - Epidemiology
  - Microbiology
  - Risk Factors
  - Clinical and Laboratory Features
  - Imaging Procedures
  - Differential Diagnosis
  - Management
- Key Points
- Septic Arthritis of the Symphysis Pubis
  - Introduction
  - Epidemiology
  - Microbiology
  - Clinical and Laboratory Features
  - Risk Factors
  - Imaging Procedures
  - Differential Diagnosis
  - Management
- Key Points
- Septic Arthritis of the Sacroiliac Joint
  - Epidemiology
  - Introduction
  - Microbiology
  - Clinical and Laboratory Features
  - Risk Factors
  - Differential Diagnosis
  - Imaging Procedures
  - Management
- Key Points
- References
Chapter 8 Periprosthetic Joint Infection: General Aspects
- Introduction
- Definition
- Classification
- Pathogenesis
  - The Role of the Host
  - The Role of the Microorganism (Biofilm)
  - The Route of Infection
- Diagnostic Algorithm
- Laboratory Investigation
  - Culture
  - Histopathology
  - Infectious Parameters in Blood
  - Synovial Cells
  - Molecular Diagnosis
  - Sonication
- Therapeutic Management
  - Antimicrobial Therapy
  - Surgical Interventions
- Prophylaxis
  - Perioperative prophylaxis
  - Prevention of Hematogenous Infection
- Errors in the Management of PJI
- Key Points
- References
Chapter 9 Periprosthetic Joint Infection after Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
- Introduction
- Risk Factors
- Microbiology
- Clinical Features
- Laboratory Investigation
  - C-Reactive Protein and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
  - Synovial Cells
- Imaging Procedures
- Management
  - Antibiotic Treatment
  - Surgical Interventions
  - Specific Surgical Problem in Knee PJI
  - Specific Surgical Problems in Hip PJI
- Instructive Cases
  - Case 1: Acute Hematogenous PJI due to Streptococcus dysgalactiae 8 Months after THA
  - Case 2: Two-Stage Exchange of Infected TKA with long interval without spacer due to difficult-to-treat microorganisms
  - Case 3: Chronic infection of THA treated with two-stage exchange
  - Case 4: One-stage revision of a chronic THA infection after removal of ossifications
- References
Chapter 10 Periprosthetic Joint Infection after Shoulder Arthroplasty
- Introduction
- Risk Factors
  - Comorbidities
  - Intra-articular Injections
  - Age and Trauma
  - Cement with or without Antibiotic Impregnation
  - Male gender
  - Revision Surgery and Hematoma
  - Type of Arthroplasty
- Microbiology
- Clinical Features
- Pathogenesis
  - Acute or Chronic Infection
  - Exogenous or Hematogenous Infection Route
  - Virulent or Low-Virulent Pathogens
- Laboratory Investigation
  - Blood Tests
  - Intraoperative Findings and the Number of Biopsies
  - Synovial Fluid Leukocyte Count
  - Histopathological Investigations
  - Microbiological Culture
  - Molecular Investigations
  - Sonication of Removed Implants
  - Sonication of Removed Implants Combined with Molecular Methods
- Imaging Procedures
- Management
  - Surgical Interventions
  - Antimicrobial Treatment
- Instructive Cases
  - Case 1: Two-Stage Exchange from Internal Fixation to Reverse Total Shoulder Fracture-Arthroplasty
  - Case 2: Chronic Polymicrobial PSJI Without Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Infection
- References
Chapter 11 Periprosthetic Joint Infection after Elbow Arthroplasty
- Introduction
- Clinical Features
- Microbiology
- Diagnostic Procedures
  - Preoperative Workup
  - Peri- and Postoperative Workup
  - Management
- Instructive Cases
  - Case 1. Early Infection Treated with Debridement and Retention
  - Case 2. Delayed infection, Inappropriate Rifampin Therapy Leading to Emergence of Resistance
  - Case 3. Delayed Diagnosis of Late Infections Treated with Two-Stage Exchange
  - Case 4. Late Polymicrobial Infection Treated with Removal without Replacement
- References
Chapter 12 Periprosthetic Joint Infection after Ankle Arthroplasty
- Introduction
- History of Total Ankle Arthroplasty
- Risk Factors
  - Patient-Related Risk Factors
  - Surgery-Related Risk Factors
  - Pitfalls in the Postoperative Course
  - Risk Factors Related to the Postoperative Course
- Microbiology
  - Clinical Features
  - Laboratory Investigation
  - Blood Tests
  - Intraoperative Samples
  - Synovial Fluid Leukocyte Count
  - Imaging Procedures
- Management
  - Surgical Interventions
  - Antimicrobial Treatment
- Instructive Cases
  - Case 1. Acute hematogenous PAJI
  - Case 2. Chronic exogenous PAJI
- References
Chapter 13 Osteomyelitis: Classification
- Classification According to Pathogenesis
  - Hematogenous Osteomyelitis
  - Osteomyelitis Secondary to a Contiguous Focus
  - Osteomyelitis Secondary to Vascular Insufficiency or to Peripheral Neuropathy
  - Osteomyelitis in the Special Host
- Classification According to the Duration of Infection
- Classification According to Anatomy and Comorbidity
- Classification According to the Localization
- Classification According to the Presence of an Implant
- References
Chapter 14 Osteomyelitis in Children
- Epidemiology
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Microbiology
  - Neonates
  - Children: 3 Months to 5 Years
  - Children Greater Than 5 Years
  - Special Groups
- Treatment
  - Antibiotic Treatment
  - Surgical Treatment
- Complications
  - Key Points
- References
Chapter 15 Acute Osteomyelitis in Adults
- Introduction
- Pathogenesis
- Epidemiology
- Microbiology
- Risk Factors
- Clinical Features
- Laboratory Investigation
  - Hematological and Biochemical Markers
  - Biopsy
  - Blood Cultures
- Imaging Procedures
- Clinical and Imaging Differential Diagnosis
- Treatment
  - Conservative Therapy
  - Surgical Treatment
- Key Points
- References
Chapter 16 Subacute Osteomyelitis: Tuberculous and Brucellar Vertebral Osteomyelitis
- Epidemiology
- Introduction
- Clinical Features
- Laboratory Investigation
- Imaging Procedures
- Antimicrobial and Surgical Therapy
- Key Points
- References
Chapter 17 Chronic Osteomyelitis in Adults
- Introduction
- Epidemiology and Pathogenesis
- Diagnosis
  - Clinical and Laboratory Diagnostics
  - Radiological Diagnosis
- Treatment
  - Antibiotic Treatment
  - Surgical Treatment
  - Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
  - Particular Types of Chronic Osteomyelitis
- Future Perspectives
- Key Points
- Acknowledgments
- References
Chapter 18 Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis
- Classification
- Introduction
- Microbiology
  - Culture and Histopathology of Bone Biopsy
  - Spectrum of Microorganisms in DFO
  - Blood Cultures
  - Skin and Soft Tissue Cultures
- Risk Factors
- Clinical Features
- Inflammatory Parameters
- Imaging Procedures
- Management
  - General Aspects
  - Antibiotic Regimens
- Prevention
- References
Chapter 19 Osteomyelitis of the Jaws
- Classification
- Introduction
- Microbiology
- Clinical Features
- Risk Factors
- Laboratory Investigation
  - Inflammatory Parameters
  - Microbiological Workup
- Imaging Procedures
- Management
  - Acute Trauma-/Fracture-Related Osteomyelitis
  - General Aspects
  - Neonatal Osteomyelitis
  - Trauma-/Fracture-Related Secondary Chronic Osteomyelitis
  - Acute Odontogenic Osteomyelitis
  - Chronic Contiguous Neck Infection
  - Odontogenic Secondary Chronic Osteomyelitis
  - Peri-implantitis
- Key Points
- References
Chapter 20 Implant-Associated Osteomyelitis of Long Bones
- Introduction
- Classification and Risk Factors
- Clinical Features
  - Delayed Infection
  - Early Infection
  - Late Infection
- Microbiology
- Laboratory Investigation
  - Blood Tests
  - Microbiology and Histopathology
- Imaging Procedures
- Management
  - General Aspects
  - Surgical Interventions
  - Antimicrobial Treatment
- Instructive Cases
  - Case 1: Chronic Implant-Associated Osteomyelitis after a GustiloAnderson Grade IIIB Open Tibia Fracture
  - Case 2: Septic Nonunion after a Grade II Open Femur Fracture
- References
Chapter 21 Implant-Associated Vertebral Osteomyelitis
- Introduction
- Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Preventive Measures
- Microbiology
- Clinical Features
- Diagnostic Procedures
  - Early-Onset IAVO
  - Delayed- and Late-Onset IAVO
- Management
  - Early-Onset IAVO
  - Delayed-Onset IAVO
  - Late-Onset IAVO
- Instructive Cases
  - Case 1: Early-onset IAVO mistaken as superficial surgical site infection
  - Case 2: Polymicrobial early-onset IAVO in a patient with neuromuscular scoliosis
- References
Chapter 22 Postoperative Sternal Osteomyelitis
- Introduction
- Risk Factors
  - Patient-Related Risk Factors
  - Surgery-Related Risk Factors (Intraoperative)
  - Surgery-Related Risk Factors (Preoperative)
  - Surgery-Related Risk Factors (Postoperative)
- Microbiology
- Clinical Features
  - PSTOM > 4 Weeks after Sternotomy
  - PSTOM ≤ 4 Weeks after Sternotomy
- Laboratory Investigation
  - Blood Tests
  - Intraoperative Findings
  - Microbiological Sampling
  - Preoperative Sampling
- Imaging Procedures
- Management
  - Acute PSTMO
  - General Concepts
  - Chronic PSTMO
  - Antimicrobial Treatment Concepts
- Instructive Cases
  - Case 1: Acute PSTOM in a Patient with Risk Factors
  - Case 2: Complex Management of Chronic PSTOM
- References
Index
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