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Chassin's operative strategy in general surgery; Fourth edition: An Expositive atlas

Tác giả: Scott-Conner, Carol E.H.

Chủ đề:

Chủ đề: Medicine; Surgery; Operative Strategy; Atlas

Nhà xuất bản: Springer

Năm xuất bản: 2014

Loại tài liệu: Book

Mô tả vật lý: 1082 p.

Định danh: 978-1-4614-1393-6

Ngôn ngữ: en

Đọc trực tuyến

This up-to-date third edition of the classic provides a clear exposition of all basic surgical procedures. This is includes: surgery of the digestive tract, breast, abdominal wall, selected head and neck, and endocrine system. It also features numerous detailed illustrations by Caspar Henselmann. It is essential reading for residents and practising surgeons.

Cover
- Contents
- Contributors
- Index
- Preface
- Title page
- Copyright 2014
- Dr. Chassins Foreword to the Third Edition
- Dr. Spencers Foreword to the First Edition
  - Part IV: Small Intestine and Appendix
    - 42: Concepts in Surgery of the Small Intestine and Appendix
      - Small Bowel Resection with Anastomosis
        
        Small Bowel Tumors
        
        Crohns Disease
        
        Mesenteric Ischemia
        
        Small Bowel Diverticula
        
        Trauma
        
        Conduct of Small Bowel Surgery
      - Enterolysis for Small Bowel Obstruction
      - Crohns Disease
        
        Small Intestinal Stricturoplasty
      - Appendectomy
      - References
    - 43: Small Bowel Resection and Anastomosis
      - Indications
      - Operative Strategy
        
        Open Versus Laparoscopic Technique
        
        Successful Bowel Anastomosis Requirements
        
        Contraindications to Anastomosis
      - Pitfalls and Danger Points
      - Preoperative Preparation
      - Documentation Basics
      - Operative Technique
        
        Division of Mesentery
        
        Open Two-Layer Anastomosis
        
        Open One-Layer Anastomosis
        
        Closure of Mesentery
        
        Small Bowel Anastomosis by Suturing
        
        Incision
        
        Small Bowel Anastomosis Using Stapling Technique
      - Complications
      - Further Reading
      - Postoperative Care
    - 44: Enterolysis for Intestinal Obstruction
      - Documentation Basics
      - Indications
      - Operative Strategy
      - Operative Technique
        
        Incision and Bowel Mobilization
        
        Approach to Densely Adherent Abdomen
        
        Operative Intestinal Decompression
        
        Relaparotomy for Early Postoperative Obstruction
        
        Repair of Damage to Bowel Wall
        
        Closure
      - Pitfalls and Danger Points
      - Preoperative Preparation
      - Complications
      - Postoperative Care
    - 45: Baker Tube Stitchless Plication: Surgical Legacy Technique
      - Indications
      - Operative Strategy
      - Pitfalls and Danger Points
      - Preoperative Preparation
      - Further Reading
      - Operative Technique
      - Postoperative Care
      - Postoperative Complications
    - 46: Appendectomy
      - Indications
      - Operative Strategy
        
        Incision
        
        Management of Appendiceal Stump
        
        Indication for Drainage
      - Pitfalls and Danger Points
      - Preoperative Preparation
      - Documentation Basics
      - Operative Technique
        
        Incision
        
        Delivery of Appendix
        
        Division of Mesoappendix
        
        Inversion of Appendiceal Stump
        
        Ligation of Appendiceal Stump
        
        Closure of Incision
      - Complications
      - Postoperative Care
    - 47: Laparoscopic Appendectomy
      - Documentation Basics
      - Indications
      - Operative Strategy
      - Operative Technique
        
        Stapled Closure
        
        Management of the Retrocecal Appendix
        
        Pretied Ligature
        
        Removal of the Appendix
        
        Closure of Trocar Sites and Postoperative Care
      - Pitfalls and Danger Points
      - Preoperative Preparation
      - Complications
      - Further Reading
- Part I: General Principles
  - 1: Concepts and Strategies of Surgery
    - Developing a Concept
    - Establishing Strategy
    - Making the Operation Easy
    - References
  - 2: Mechanical Basics of Operative Technique
    - Before You Scrub
    - Importance of Surgeons Foot and Body Position
    - Preoperative Verification Process
    - Use of Instruments
      - Scalpel
      - Electrocautery as a Cutting Device
      - Forceps
      - Metzenbaum Scissors
      - Needle Holder
      - Hemostat
    - Reference
  - 3: Incision, Exposure, Closure
    - Achieving Exposure
    - Incisions for Abdominal Surgery
    - Avoiding Wound Dehiscence and Hernia
    - Operative Technique for a Midline Incision
      - Making the Incision
      - Closure of Midline Incision by Modified Smead-ưJones Technique
    - Further Reading
  - 4: Dissecting and Suturing
    - Art of Dissecting Planes
    - Sewing Technique
      - Selection of Needle
      - Size of Bite
      - Use of a Needle Holder
      - Catching Both Walls of Intestine with One Pass of the Needle Holder
      - Continuous Versus Interrupted Sutures
      - Distance Between Sutures
      - How Tight the Knot?
      - Size of Suture Material
      - Types of Stitch
        
        Continuous Subcuticular Stitch
        
        Simple Everting Skin Stitch
        
        Skin Staples
        
        Vertical Mattress (Stewart) Stitch
        
        Continuous Simple Over-and-Over Stitch
        
        Simple Interrupted Fascial Stitch
        
        Cushing Stitch
        
        Halsted Stitch
        
        Hemostatic Figure-of-Eight Stitch
        
        Horizontal Mattress Stitch
        
        Lembert Stitch
        
        Single-Layer Bowel Anastomosis
        
        Smead-Jones Stitch
        
        Connell Stitch
        
        Continuous Locked Stitch
    - Technique of Successive Bisection
      - Intestinal Anastomoses
        
        End-to-End or End-to-Side Technique?
        
        One Layer or Two?
      - Sutured or Stapled Anastomosis?
    - Suture Material
      - Absorbable Sutures
        
        Chromic Catgut
        
        Plain Catgut
        
        Polyglycolic Synthetics
      - Nonabsorbable Sutures
        
        Natural Nonabsorbable Sutures
        
        Monofilament Stainless Steel Wire
        
        Synthetic Nonabsorbable Braided Sutures
        
        Synthetic Nonabsorbable Monofilaments
    - Knot-Tying Technique
    - Further Reading
  - 5: Surgical Stapling: Principles and Precautions
    - Characteristics of Staples
    - To Staple or To Sew?
    - Stapling Devices Used for Gastrointestinal Tract Anastomosis
      - Linear Stapling Devices
      - Linear Cutting Stapling Device
      - Circular Stapling Device
    - Stapling in Eversion
    - Stapling in Inversion
    - Causes of Failure Following Stapled Anastomosis
      - Instrument Failure
      - Quality of the Tissues
      - Human Error/Judgment
    - Special Precautions
    - Further Reading
  - 6: Control of Bleeding
    - Techniques for Achieving Hemostasis
      - Hemostat and Ligature
      - Suture Ligature
      - Tying In Continuity with a Ligature Passer
      - Electrocautery
      - Hemostatic Clips
      - Physicochemical Methods
        
        Gauze Pack
        
        Fibrin Sealant
        
        Topical Hemostatic Agents
      - Staplers
      - Ultrasonic Shears
    - Control of Hemorrhage
      - Definitive Control
      - Temporary Control
    - Further Reading
  - 7: Management of the Contaminated Operation
    - Preoperative Considerations
      - Adequate Resuscitation of the Patient
      - Timing of Surgery
      - Perioperative Parenteral Antibiotics
      - Preoperative Imaging
    - Intraoperative Considerations
      - Finding and Isolating the Source
      - Supporting the Patient/Continuous Resuscitation
      - Surgical Technique: Does the Surgeon Make a Difference?
      - Localizing Contamination
      - Wound Irrigation
      - Other Considerations
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Considerations
      - Wound Closure
      - Wound Dressings
  - 8: Damage Control Laparotomy
    - Damage Control in Trauma
      - Decision to Perform Damage Control
      - Damage Control Management of Specific Injuries
    - Damage Control in the Non-trauma Setting
      - Temporary Abdominal Wall Closure
    - Further Reading
  - 9: Mechanical Basics of Laparoscopic Surgery
    - Equipment and Supplies
    - Room Setup
    - Choice of Laparoscope: Straight Versus Angled?
    - Creating Pneumoperitoneum
      - Closed Technique with Veress Needle
      - Open Technique with Hasson Cannula
    - Choice of Initial Puncture Site
    - Patient Preparation
    - Management of Hypotension During Laparoscopy
    - Ergonomic Considerations
    - Secondary Trocar Placement
    - Laparoscopic Dissection and Hemostasis
    - Laparoscopic Suturing
    - Using a Pretied Suture Ligature
    - Avoiding Complications
    - Closing Trocar Sites
    - Further Reading
    - Laparoscopic Stapling
    - Loss of Working Space
    - Troubleshooting Equipment
  - 10: Rational Use of Drains
    - Purpose of Drains
    - Various Drains and Their Pros and Cons
      - Latex (Penrose) Drain
      - Polyethylene or Rubber Tube Drain
      - Closed Suction Drain
      - Silicone Tube Drain
      - Sump Suction Drains
    - Gauze Packing
    - Management of Intraperitoneal Sepsis
    - Prevention of Drainage Tract Infection
    - Other Indications and Methods of Drainage
      - Abscess
      - Bile
      - Blood and Serum
      - Pancreatic Secretions
      - Anastomosis
    - Percutaneous Drainage of Abdominal Abscesses with Computed Tomography or Ultrasound Guidance
    - Further Reading
  - 11: Illustrated Glossary of Surgical Instruments
  - 12: The Operative Note
    - References
- Part II: Esophagus
  - 13: Concepts in Esophageal Surgery
    - Carcinoma of the Cardia Region
    - Carcinoma of the Middle and Upper Esophagus
    - Unresectable Carcinoma
    - Carcinoma of the Esophagus: Transhiatal or Transthoracic Approach
    - Replacing or Bypassing the Esophagus: Stomach, Colon, or Jejunum
    - Hiatus Hernia and Reflux Disease
      - Complicated Paraesophageal Hiatus Hernia: Obstruction, Gastric Volvulus, and Strangulation
      - Sliding Hiatus Hernia
      - Antireflux Operations
      - Benign Reflux Stricture
      - Failed Antireflux Operation
    - Pharyngoesophageal Diverticulum
    - Perforations and Anastomotic Leaks
      - Conservative Management
      - Surgical Repair
    - Anastomotic Leaks
    - Esophageal Perforation at Various Anatomic Levels
      - Cervical Esophagus
      - Thoracic Esophagus
        
        Barotrauma: Boerhaaves Syndrome and External Pressure
        
        Perforation During Instrumentation: Dilator or Endoscope
    - Achalasia
    - Other Motility Disorders
    - References
  - 14: Esophagectomy: Right Thoracotomy and Laparotomy
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Technique
      - Incision and Position
      - Mobilization of Esophagus
      - Mobilization of Stomach
      - Kocher Maneuver
      - Pyloromyotomy
      - Advancement of Stomach into Right Chest
      - Esophagogastric Anastomosis
      - Stapled Esophagogastric Anastomosis
      - Cervical Esophagogastric Anastomosis
      - Closure
    - Postoperative Care
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
  - 15: Esophagogastrectomy: Left Thoracoabdominal Approach
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Objectives of Esophagogastrectomy
      - Thoracoabdominal Incision with Preservation of Phrenic Nerve Function
      - Anastomotic Leakage
      - End-to-End Versus End-to-Side Anastomosis
      - Avoiding Postoperative Reflux Esophagitis
      - Efficacy of Stapling Techniques for the Esophagogastric Anastomosis
      - Postoperative Sepsis
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Incision and Position
      - Liberation of Esophagus
      - Gastric Mobilization
      - Splenectomy
      - Hiatal Dissection
      - Kocher Maneuver
      - Pyloromyotomy
      - Transection of Stomach and Esophagus
      - Enlargement of Hiatus
      - Enlargement of Thoracic Incision if Supraaortic Anastomosis Is Necessary
      - Esophagogastric Anastomosis, Stapling Technique (Surgical Legacy Technique)
      - Esophagogastric Anastomosis, Suture Technique
      - Esophagogastric Anastomosis Performed by Circular Stapling Technique
      - Closure
      - Stabilizing the Gastric Pouch
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
  - 16: Transhiatal Esophagectomy
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Abdomen
      - Cervical Dissection
      - Transhiatal Dissection
      - Closure
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
  - 17: Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Abdominal Portion
      - Cervical Portion
      - Transhiatal and Transthoracic Portions
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique: Transthoracic Approach
      - Positioning
      - Thoracoscopic Mobilization of the Intrathoracic Esophagus
      - Intrathoracic Anastomosis
      - Cervical Anastomosis
    - Transhiatal Approach
      - Abdominal Portion
      - Cervical Dissection
      - Cervical Anastomosis
      - Construction of the Gastric Tube
      - Transhiatal Dissection
      - Feeding Jejunostomy
    - Postoperative Care
    - Postoperative Complications
      - Abscesses
      - Anastomotic Leak
      - Anastomotic Stricture
      - Cardiac Arrhythmias
      - Chylothorax and Leaking Thoracic Duct
      - Pulmonary Complications
    - References
  - 18: Operations to Replace or Bypass the Esophagus Colon or Jejunum Interposition
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
      - Incision and Resection of Esophagus
      - Long-Segment Colon Interposition: Colon Dissection
      - Estimating the Length of Colon Required to Reach the Neck
        
        Cologastrostomy
        
        Advancing the Colon Segment to the Neck
        
        Pyloromyotomy
        
        Closure
        
        Dissecting the Cervical Esophagus
        
        Esophagocolonic Anastomosis
        
        Retrosternal Passage of Colon Transplant
      - Colon Interposition, Short Segment
      - Jejunum Interposition
        
        Incision and Mobilization
        
        Resection of Diseased Esophagus
        
        Closure
        
        Esophagojejunostomy
        
        Gastrostomy; Pyloromyotomy
        
        Jejunogastrostomy
        
        Jejunojejunostomy
        
        Mobilizing the Jejunum Graft
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Further Reading
  - 19: Transabdominal Nissen Fundoplication
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Mobilizing the Gastric Fundus
      - Avoiding Fundoplication Suture Line Disruption
      - Avoiding Postoperative Dysphagia
      - Failure to Bring the Esophagogastric Junction into the Abdomen
      - How Long Should the Fundoplication Be?
      - How Tight Should the Fundoplication Be?
      - Preventing Splenic Injury
      - Keeping the Fundoplication from Slipping
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basic
    - Operative Technique
      - Incision
      - Mobilizing the Esophagus and Gastric Fundus
      - Repairing the Hiatal Defect
      - Suturing the Fundoplication
      - Abdominal Closure
      - Testing Antireflux Valve
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
  - 20: Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
      - Room Setup and Trocar Placement
      - Dissecting the Hiatus
      - Exposure of the Hiatus
      - Mobilizing the Esophagus
      - Closing the Hiatus
      - Creating the Wrap
      - Dividing the Short Gastric Vessels
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
  - 21: Posterior Gastropexy (Hill Repair): Surgical Legacy Technique
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Dissecting the Median Arcuate Ligament
      - Calibrating the Esophagocardiac Orifice
      - Liberating Left Lobe of Liver
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Incision and Exposure
      - Mobilizing the Esophagogastric Junction
      - Inserting the Crural Sutures
      - Identifying the Median Arcuate Ligament
        
        Hills Method
        
        Vansants Method
      - Suturing Posterior Gastropexy
      - Abdominal Closure
      - Testing the Antireflux Valve
    - Postoperative Care
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
  - 22: Transthoracic Gastroplasty (Collis) and Nissen Fundoplication: Surgical Legacy Technique
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Mobilizing the Esophagus and Stomach
      - Performing an Adequate Gastroplasty
      - Avoiding Esophageal Perforation
      - Avoiding Hemorrhage
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Technique
      - Incision
      - Excising the Hernial Sac
      - Liberating the Esophagus
      - Dilating an Esophageal Stricture
      - Dividing the Short Gastric Vessels
      - Gastroplasty
      - Performing a Modified Nissen Fundoplication
      - Closing the Hiatal Defect
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
  - 23: Bile Diverting Operations for Management of Esophageal Disease
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Bile Diversion After Esophagogastrectomy
      - Bile Diversion After Failed Antireflux Procedures
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Bile Diversion Following Esophagogastrectomy
        
        Dividing the Duodenum, Duodenojejunostomy, Roux-en-Y Reconstruction
        
        Incision and Exposure
      - Vagotomy and Antrectomy with Bile Diversion
        
        Closure
        
        Hemigastrectomy
        
        Incision and Exposure
        
        Roux-en-Y Gastrojejunostomy
        
        Vagotomy (Optional)
      - Bile Diversion by Duodenojejunostomy Roux-en-ưY Switch Operation
        
        Duodenojejunostomy
        
        Incision and Exposure
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
  - 24: Cricopharyngeal Myotomy and Operation for Pharyngoesophageal (Zenkers) Diverticulum
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Adequate Myotomy
      - Is Diverticulectomy Necessary?
    - Operative Technique
      - Incision and Exposure
      - Dissecting the Pharyngoesophageal Diverticulum
      - Cricopharyngeal and Esophageal Myotomy
      - Drainage and Closure
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
  - 25: Esophagomyotomy for Achalasia and Diffuse Esophageal Spasm: Surgical Legacy Technique
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Choice of Operative Approach
      - Length of Myotomy for Achalasia
      - Mucosal Perforation
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Technique
      - Esophagomyotomy for Achalasia
      - Incision and Exposure
      - Closure and Drainage
      - Esophagomyotomy for Diffuse Esophageal Spasm
    - Postoperative Care
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
  - 26: Laparoscopic Esophagomyotomy
    - Documentation
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
      - Patient Position, Room Setup, Trocar Placement
      - Initial Exposure and Esophageal Mobilization
      - Myotomy
      - Fundoplication
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
  - 27: Operations for Esophageal Perforation and Anastomotic Leaks
    - Documentation
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
      - Pleural Flap Repair of Thoracic Esophageal Perforation
        
        Exposure; Locating the Perforation
        
        Incision
        
        Drainage
        
        Repair
      - Intercostal Muscle Flap Repair of Esophageal Perforation
      - Esophageal Diversion by Cervical Esophagostomy
        
        Anterior Thoracic Esophagostomy
        
        Incision and Exposure
        
        Suturing the Esophagostomy
      - Esophageal Occlusion Methods Without Cervical Esophagostomy
      - Excluding the Esophagus from the Gastrointestinal Tract
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
- Part III: Stomach and Duodenum
  - 28: Concepts in Surgery of the Stomach and Duodenum
    - Surgery for Peptic Ulcer
      - The Role of Vagotomy in Peptic Ulcer Surgery
      - Reconstruction After Distal Gastrectomy
        
        Billroth I or Billroth II
        
        Billroth II or Roux-en-Y
      - The Choice of Drainage Operation
      - The Role of Resection in Peptic Ulcer Surgery
      - Operation for Bleeding Peptic Ulcer
      - Operation for Perforated Peptic Ulcer
      - Other Reconstruction Options
      - Operation for Nonhealing Duodenal Ulcer
      - Operation for Nonhealing Gastric Ulcer
      - Operation for Obstructing Peptic Ulcer
      - Operation for Postoperative Recurrent Ulcer or Marginal Ulcer
    - Gastrostomy and Duodenostomy
      - Gastrostomy
      - Duodenostomy
    - Operation for Gastric Cancer
      - Extent of Lymphadenectomy
      - Subtotal Versus Total Gastrectomy
      - Laparoscopy
    - Operation for Morbid Obesity
    - Stapling the Stomach and Duodenum
    - Surgical Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs)
    - Postoperative Complications
      - Early Gastric Stasis
      - GI Leak
      - Pancreatitis
      - Pulmonary Problems
      - Wound Problems
      - Bile Reflux Gastritis
      - Diarrhea
      - Dumping Syndrome
      - Metabolic Problems
      - Postoperative Gastric Stasis and Roux Syndrome
    - References
  - 29: Truncal Vagotomy: Surgical Legacy Technique
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Avoiding Esophageal Trauma
      - Avoiding Splenic Trauma
      - Hiatus Hernia
      - Preventing Incomplete Vagotomy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Incision and Exposure
      - Identification of the Right (Posterior) Vagus
      - Left (Anterior) Vagal Trunks
      - Suture of Crural Musculature
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
  - 30: Proximal Gastric Vagotomy: Surgical Legacy Technique
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Adequacy of Proximal Vagotomy
      - Exposure
      - Preserving Innervation of the Antrum
      - Prevention of Hematoma and Injury to Gastric Lesser Curve
      - Postoperative Gastroesophageal Reflux
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Dissection of the Anterior Nerve of Latarjet
      - Identification of Crows Foot
      - Identification of Right and Left Vagal Trunks
      - Incision and Exposure
      - Dissection of Posterior Nerve of Latarjet
      - Repair of the Lesser Curvature
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
  - 31: Pyloroplasty (Heineke-Mikulicz and Finney), Operation for Bleeding Duodenal Ulcer: Surgical Legacy Technique
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Control of Bleeding
      - Choice of Pyloroplasty
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Kocher Maneuver
      - Emergency Procedure for Bleeding Ulcer
      - Pyloroduodenal Incision for Heineke-Mikulicz Pyloroplasty
      - Heineke-Mikulicz Pyloroplasty
        
        Sutures
        
        Stapling
      - Finney Pyloroplasty
    - Complications
      - Reversal of Pyloroplasty or Gastrojejunostomy
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
  - 32: Gastrojejunostomy
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
      - Freeing the Greater Curvature
      - Gastrojejunal Anastomosis: Suture Technique
      - Incision
      - Closure of Stab Wound
      - Stapling Technique
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
  - 33: Partial Gastrectomy Without Lymphadenectomy
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Billroth II: Duodenal Stump
        
        Catheter Duodenostomy
        
        Marginal Ulcer Following Billroth II
      - Choice of Reconstruction
      - Avoiding Postoperative Wound Infection
      - Ligating the Bleeding Point in Duodenal Ulcers
      - Splenic Trauma
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Techniques: Billroth I and II
      - Dissection of Greater Curvature
      - Evaluation of Duodenal Pathology
      - Incision
      - Division of Left Gastric Vessels
      - Division of Stomach
      - Duodenal Dissection in the Absence of Advanced Pathology
      - Division of Duodenum
      - Billroth I Gastroduodenal Anastomosis
      - Billroth II: Closure of Duodenal Stump
      - Billroth II: Dissection of Difficult Duodenum
      - Closure of Difficult Stump by Nissen-Cooper Technique
      - Closure of Difficult Duodenal Stump
        
        Catheter Duodenostomy
        
        Duodenal Stenosis
      - Billroth II Gastrojejunal Anastomosis
      - Closure of Difficult Duodenal Stump by Billroth I Gastroduodenostomy
      - Duodenal Closure with Surgical Staples
      - Billroth II Gastrojejunal Anastomosis by Stapling Technique
      - Drainage and Closure
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
  - 34: Perforated Peptic Ulcer
    - Indications
      - Perforated Duodenal Ulcer
      - Perforated Gastric Ulcer
    - Operative Strategy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique of Plication
      - Identification of Perforation
      - Incision
      - Peritoneal Lavage
      - Plication of Perforation
      - Abdominal Closure
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
  - 35: Laparoscopic Plication of Perforated Ulcer
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
      - Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
      - Securing the Patch with a Hernia Stapler
      - Suturing the Patch
      - Testing the Patch
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
  - 36: Gastrostomy
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
      - Stamm Gastrostomy
      - Janeway Gastrostomy, Stapled
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Further Reading
  - 37: Distal Gastrectomy with D2 Nodal Dissection
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Extent of Resection
      - Pancreatico-Splenectomy, Splenectomy
      - Blood Supply to Residual Gastric Pouch
      - Duct of Santorini
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Technique
      - Dissection of Suprapyloric Nodes
      - Incision and Exposure
      - Omentectomy and Infrapyloric Nodal Dissection
      - Resection
      - Celiac Axis Dissection and Division of Left Gastric Vessels
      - Division of Duodenum
      - Hepatic Artery Node Dissection
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
  - 38: Total Gastrectomy
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Esophageal Anastomosis
      - Exposure
      - Extent of the Operation
      - Prevention of Reflux Alkaline Esophagitis
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Technique
      - Exploration and Determination of Operability
      - Incision and Exposure
      - Omentectomy, Lymph Node Dissection, and Division of Duodenum
      - Splenectomy
      - Dissection of the Esophagocardiac Junction: Vagotomy
      - Splenic Nodal Dissection Without Splenectomy
      - End-to-Side Sutured Esophagojejunostomy
      - Preparation of Roux-en-Y Jejunal Segment
      - End-to-Side Stapled Esophagojejunostomy
      - Roux-en-Y Jejunojejunostomy
        
        Sutured Version
        
        Stapled Version
      - Modifications of Operative Technique for Patients with Benign Disease
      - Wound Closure
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
  - 39: Exposure of the Third and Fourth Portions of the Duodenum
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Technique
      - Incision
      - Liberation of Right Colon
      - Liberation of Small Bowel Mesentery
      - Resection of Duodenum
      - Closure
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
  - 41: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
      - Division of Jejunum and Creation of Jejunojejunostomy
      - Construction of the Gastric Pouch
      - Exposure and Dissection of the Proximal Stomach
      - Creation of Gastrojejunostomy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Complications
      - Early
        
        Anastomotic and Staple Line Leaks
        
        Bleeding
        
        Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism
        
        Nausea
      - Late Complications
        
        Internal Hernias and Bowel Obstruction
        
        Nutritional Deficiencies
        
        Stricture
        
        Ulcer
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
- Part V: Large Intestine
  - 48: Concepts in Surgery of the Large Intestine
    - Benign Conditions
      - Diverticular Disease
        
        Emergency Surgery for Acute Diverticulitis
        
        Diverticular Fistulas
        
        Elective Surgery for Diverticulitis
        
        Key Aspects of the Surgical Procedure
        
        Diverticular Obstruction
        
        Volvulus
      - Ischemic Colitis
      - Rectal Prolapse
      - Inflammatory Bowel Disease
        
        Mucosal Ulcerative Colitis
        
        Special Considerations
        
        Indeterminate Colitis
        
        Obesity
        
        Pouch That Does Not Reach
        
        The Elderly
      - Crohns Colitis
    - Premalignant and Malignant Conditions
      - Colorectal Cancer
        
        Colon Cancer
        
        Preoperative Evaluation and Staging
        
        Special Considerations
        
        Surgical Management
        
        Rectal Cancer
        
        Preoperative Evaluation and Staging
        
        Surgical Management
        
        Special Considerations
      - Polyps
        
        The Malignant Polyp
      - Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
        
        Surgical Management
      - Hereditary Colon Cancer Syndromes
      - Lynch Syndrome
        
        Surgical Management
      - Squamous Carcinoma of the Anus
        
        Evaluation and Staging
        
        Management
    - General Technical Considerations in Colorectal Surgery
      - Intraoperative Decisions and Technical Considerations
        
        Safe Colorectal Anastomoses
      - Preoperative Preparation and Planning
        
        Antibiotic Prophylaxis
        
        Bowel Preparation
        
        Patient Positioning
      - Ureteral Stents
      - Intestinal Stomas
        
        Types of Stomas
      - Pelvic Bleeding
    - References
  - 49: Right Colectomy for Cancer
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique (Right and Transverse Colectomy)
      - Incision
      - Ligature of Colon Proximal and Distal to Tumor
      - Division of Middle Colic Vessels
      - Omental Dissection
      - Division of Ileocolic Vessels
      - Division of Ileal Mesentery
      - Division of Right Paracolic Peritoneum
      - Division of Ileum and Colon
      - Identification of Ureter
      - Ileocolic Two-Layer Sutured End-to-End Anastomosis
      - Anastomosis by Stapling, Functional End-to-End
      - Wound Closure
    - Postoperative Care
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
  - 50: Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Technique
      - Room Setup and Trocar Placement
      - Exploration
      - Mobilization of the Cecum
      - Extracorporeal Resection and Anastomosis
      - Mobilization of the Hepatic Flexure
      - Re-insufflation and Inspection
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
  - 51: Left Colectomy for Cancer
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Extent of Dissection
      - Liberation of Splenic Flexure
      - No-Touch Technique
      - Technique of Anastomosis
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Division of Renocolic Ligament
      - Incision and Exposure
      - Liberation of Descending Colon and Sigmoid
      - Ligation and Division of Inferior Mesenteric Artery
      - Splenic Flexure Dissection
      - Division of Mesocolon
      - Ligation and Division of Mesorectum
      - Division of Colon and Rectum
      - End-to-End Two-Layer Anastomosis, Rotation Method
      - Insertion of Wound Protector
      - End-to-End Anastomosis, Alternative Technique
      - Stapled Colorectal Anastomosis
      - Closure
      - Stapled Colocolonic Functional End-to-End Anastomosis: Chassins Method
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
  - 52: Laparoscopic Left Hemicolectomy and Low Anterior Resection
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
      - Administration of Prophylactic Antibiotics
      - Mechanical Bowel Preparation
      - Other Perioperative Steps
    - Operative Technique
      - Mobilizing the Left Colon and Identification of the Left Ureter
      - Room Setup and Patient Positioning
      - Trocar Placement
      - Dissecting the Splenic Flexure and the Transverse Mesentery
      - Identification and Transection of the Mesenteric Vessels
      - Dissecting the Rectum and Total Mesorectum Excision (TME) in Low Anterior Resection
      - Transection of the Distal Colon or Rectosigmoid Junction in Left Hemicolectomy or the Rectum in Low Anterior Resection
      - Exteriorization of the Left Colon or the Rectum
      - Closure of the Wound
      - Performing the Anastomosis
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
  - 53: Low Anterior Resection for Rectal Cancer
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Extent of Lymphovascular Dissection
      - Oncologic Extent of Resection
      - Prevention of Anastomotic Complications
      - Indications for Complementary Colostomy or Loop Ileostomy
      - Presacral Dissection: Prevention of Hemorrhage
      - Which Colorectal Anastomosis: Sutured, Circular Stapled, or Double Stapled?
      - Presacral Dissection: Preservation of Hypogastric Nerves
      - Ureteral Dissection
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Technique
      - Exploration and Evisceration of Small Bowel
      - Incision and Position
      - Lymphovascular Dissection
      - Mobilization of Sigmoid
      - Presacral Dissection
      - Pelvic Hemostasis
      - Irrigation of Rectal Stump
      - Mobilization of Proximal Colon
      - Preparation of Rectal Stump
      - Selection of Anastomotic Technique
        
        Side-to-End Low Sutured Colorectal Anastomosis (Baker)
        
        Alternative to Colorectal Side-to-End Anastomosis
        
        Circular Stapled Low Colorectal Anastomosis
        
        Double-Stapled Technique for Very Low Colorectal Stapled Anastomosis
        
        Pitfalls and Danger Points of Circular Stapled Colorectal Anastomosis
      - Wound Closure and Drainage
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - References
  - 54: Abdominoperineal Resection for Rectal Cancer
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Abdominal Phase
        
        Colostomy
        
        Pelvic Floor
      - Perineal Phase
        
        Closure of Perineum
        
        Position
        
        Dissection of Perineum
      - Hemostasis
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Incision and Exploration: Operability
      - Mobilization of Sigmoid, Lymphovascular Dissection, and Presacral Dissection
      - Position
      - Pelvic Hemostasis
      - Perineal Dissection
      - Management of Pelvic Floor
      - Colostomy
    - Postoperative Care
      - Perineal Care
      - Colostomy Care
    - Complications
    - Reference
      - Further Reading
  - 55: Laparoscopic Abdominoperineal Resection and Total Proctocolectomy with End Ileostomy
    - Abdominoperineal Resection Indications
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Room Setup and Trocar Placement
      - Division of the Inferior Mesenteric Vessels
      - Division of the Sigmoid/Descending Colon
      - Exploration of the Abdominal Cavity
      - Mobilization of the Sigmoid/Rectosigmoid Colon
      - Perineal Dissection and Specimen Removal
      - Rectal Mobilization
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Technique
      - Room Setup and Trocar Placement
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Total Proctocolectomy with End Ileostomy Indications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
    - Stoma-Related Complications: Retraction, Stenosis, Prolapse, and Dehydration
  - 56: Subtotal Colectomy with Ileoproctostomy or Ileostomy
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Dissection of Right Colon and Omentum
      - Evacuation of Stool
      - Incision
      - Operative Position
      - Placement of Ileostomy
      - Dissection of Left Colon
      - Division of Mesocolon
      - Ileoproctostomy
      - Ileostomy and Sigmoid Mucous Fistula
      - Closure of the Abdominal Incision
      - Needle-Catheter Jejunostomy
      - Subtotal Colectomy Combined with Immediate Total Proctectomy
    - Postoperative Care
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
  - 57: Restorative Proctocolectomy with Mucosal Proctectomy and Ileal Reservoir
    - Contraindications
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Abdominal Dissection
      - Division of Waldeyers Fascia
      - Ileoanostomy
      - Mucosectomy
      - Rectal Dissection
      - Temporary Loop Ileostomy and Ileostomy Closure
      - Constructing the Ileal Reservoir
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Mucosal Proctectomy Combined with Total Colectomy
        
        Perineal Approach
        
        Abdominal Incision and Exposure
      - Constructing the Ileal Reservoir
      - Ileoanal Anastomosis
      - Loop Ileostomy
      - Drainage and Closure
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
  - 58: Abdominoperineal Proctectomy for Benign Disease
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Technique
      - Abdominal Incision and Position
        
        Mesenteric Dissection
      - Perineal Incision
        
        Closure of Pelvic Floor
        
        Division of Levator Diaphragm
      - Rectal Dissection
      - Abdominal Closure
      - Ileostomy
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
  - 59: End Ileostomy
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
      - Incision
      - Preoperative Selection of Ileostomy Site
      - Closure of Mesenteric Gap
      - Fashioning the Ileal Mesentery
      - Mucocutaneous Fixation of Ileostomy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Postoperative Care
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
  - 60: Loop Ileostomy
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
  - 61: Cecostomy: Surgical Legacy Technique
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
      - Skin-Sutured Cecostomy
        
        Exploration of Cecum
        
        Incision
        
        Cecal Fixation
        
        Mucocutaneous Suture
      - Tube Cecostomy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
  - 62: Transverse Colostomy
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Choice of Procedure
      - Impending Rupture of Cecum
      - Diversion of Fecal Stream
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Identification of Transverse Colon
      - Immediate Maturation of Colostomy
      - Incision
      - Modification of Technique Using a Glass Rod
      - Stapled Distal Segment
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
  - 63: Closure of Temporary Loop Colostomy or Ileostomy
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
      - Incision
      - Closure of Colon Defect by Suture
      - Fascial Dissection
      - Peritoneal Dissection
      - Closure of Colonic Defect by Staples
      - Closure of Abdominal Wall
      - Management of Skin Wound
      - Resection and Anastomosis of Colostomy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
  - 64: Laparoscopic Stoma Construction and Closure
    - Contraindications
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Loop Ileostomy
        
        Choosing a Loop of Terminal Ileum
        
        Room and Trocar Placement (Fig. 64.1)
        
        Bringing the Ileostomy Out
      - Sigmoid Loop Colostomy
        
        Dissecting the Lateral Attachment of the Colon
        
        Exteriorizing the Sigmoid (Fig. 64.9)
        
        Room and Trocar Placement (Figs. 64.7 and 64.8)
      - Transverse Loop Colostomy
        
        Room and Trocar Placement (Figs. 64.5 and 64.6)
      - Hartmanns Take Down
        
        Room and Trocar Placement (Figs. 64.13 and 64.14)
        
        Stoma Mobilization
        
        Dissecting the Rectal Stump
        
        Mobilization of the Splenic Flexure
        
        Performing the Anastomosis
        
        Testing the Anastomosis
      - Sigmoid Colon Resection with End Colostomy (Hartmanns procedure)
        
        Exteriorization of the Proximal Sigmoid Colon
        
        Identification of the Ureter
        
        Incision of the Mesocolon and Division of the Sigmoid Colon
        
        Room and Trocar Placement
    - Complications
      - General Complications
      - Stoma Site Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
  - 65: Surgery for Colonic Diverticulitis and Other Benign Conditions of the Left Colon (Hartmann’s Procedure)
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Technique
      - Primary Resection and Anastomosis
        
        Division of Mesocolon
        
        Incision
        
        Liberation of Sigmoid and Left Colon
        
        Abdominal Closure
        
        Anastomosis
      - Emergency Sigmoid Colectomy with End Colostomy and Hartmanns Pouch
        
        Indications
        
        Preoperative Preparation
        
        Operative Technique
        
        End Colostomy
        
        Hartmanns Pouch
        
        Incision and Liberation of Left Colon
        
        Wound Closure
      - Primary Resection with End Colostomy and Mucous Fistula
    - Further Reading
  - 66: Ripstein Operation for Rectal Prolapse: Surgical Legacy Procedure
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Technique
      - Application of Mesh
      - Incision
      - Incision of Pelvic Peritoneum
      - Presacral Dissection
      - Closure of Pelvic Peritoneum
      - Wound Closure
    - Postoperative Care
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
- Part VI: Anus, Rectum, and Pilonidal Region
  - 67: Concepts in Surgery of the Anus, Rectum, and Pilonidal Region
    - Anatomy and Physiology
    - Anorectal Examination
    - Ambulatory Management
    - Clinical Conditions: Symptoms and Management Concepts
      - Hemorrhoids
      - Anorectal Suppurative Diseases
      - Anal Fissure
      - Anal Stenosis
      - Pilonidal Disease
      - Rectal Prolapse
    - Local Anesthesia for Anorectal Procedures
    - Operating Room Positioning
    - Further Reading
  - 68: Rubber Band Ligation of Internal Hemorrhoids
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Complications
      - Sepsis
      - Bleeding
      - Pain
    - Postoperative Care
    - References
      - Further Reading
  - 69: Hemorrhoidectomy
    - Contraindications
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Achieving Hemostasis
      - Avoiding Anal Stenosis
      - Associated Pathology
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Closed Hemorrhoidectomy
        
        Local Anesthesia
        
        Choosing an Anesthetic Agent
        
        Techniques of Local Anesthesia
        
        Incision and Dissection
        
        Intravenous Fluids
        
        Positioning the Patient
      - Radical Open Hemorrhoidectomy
        
        Excising the Hemorrhoidal Masses
        
        Incision
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - References
      - Further Reading
  - 70: Procedure for Prolapse and Hemorrhoids
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Anal Dilation and Placement of the Retractor
      - Anesthesia and Positioning
      - Purse String Suture Placement and Transection of the Rectal Mucosa
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Technique
      - Anal Dilation and Placement of the Retractor
      - Purse String Suture Placement and Transection of the Rectal Mucosa
      - Inspection for Hemostasis and Removal of Retractor
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
  - 71: Anorectal Fistula and Pelvirectal Abscess: Seton Placement
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Choice of Anesthesia
      - Localizing Fistulous Tracts
        
        Goodsalls Rule
        
        Physical Examination
      - Combining Fistulotomy with Drainage of Anorectal Abscess
      - Fistulotomy Versus Fistulectomy
      - Injection of Dye or Hydrogen Peroxide
      - Preserving Fecal Continence
      - Documentation Basics
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Technique
      - Anorectal and Pelvirectal Abscesses
        
        Intersphincteric Abscess
        
        Ischiorectal Abscess
        
        Pelvirectal Supralevator Abscess
        
        Perianal Abscess
      - Anorectal Fistula
        
        Intersphincteric Fistula
        
        High Blind Track (Rare)
        
        Simple Low Fistula
        
        High Track Opening into Rectum (Rare)
        
        High Track with No Perineal Opening (Rare)
        
        High Track with Pelvic Extension (Rare)
        
        High Track Secondary to Pelvic Disease (Rare)
        
        Transsphincteric Fistula
        
        High Blind Track
        
        Uncomplicated Fistula
        
        Suprasphincteric Fistula (Extremely Rare)
        
        Extrasphincteric Fistula (Extremely Rare)
        
        Secondary to Specific Anorectal Disease
        
        Secondary to Transsphincteric Fistula
        
        Secondary to Trauma
        
        Secondary to Pelvic Inflammation
        
        Technical Hints for Performing Fistulotomy
        
        Exploration
        
        Marsupialization
        
        Position
        
        Seton Placement
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
  - 72: Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy for Chronic Anal Fissure
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
      - Anesthesia
      - Closed Sphincterotomy
      - Open Sphincterotomy
      - Removal of the Sentinel Pile
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Postoperative Care
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
  - 73: Anoplasty for Anal Stenosis
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
      - Sliding Mucosal Flap
        
        Incision
        
        Internal Sphincterotomy
        
        Advancing the Mucosa
      - Sliding Anoderm Flap
        
        Incision
        
        Advancing the Anoderm
        
        Internal Sphincterotomy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
  - 74: Perineal Operations for Rectal Prolapse
    - Contraindications
    - Indications
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
      - Perineal Proctosigmoidectomy
      - Thiersch Procedure
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Strategy
      - Perineal Proctosigmoidectomy
      - Thiersch Operation (Surgical Legacy Procedure)
    - Operative Technique
      - Perineal Proctosigmoidectomy
      - Thiersch Operation (Surgical Legacy Procedure)
    - Complications
      - Altemeier Procedure
      - Thiersch Band
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
  - 75: Operations for Pilonidal Disease
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Acute Pilonidal Abscess
      - Excision with Primary Suture
      - Marsupialization
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Marsupialization
      - Pilonidal Excision with Primary Suture
      - Excision of Sinus Pits with Lateral Drainage
      - Postoperative Care
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
- Part VII: Hepatobiliary Tract
  - 76: Concepts in Hepatobiliary Surgery
    - Biliary Surgery
      - Biliary Colic and Cholecystitis
        
        Cholecystitis During Pregnancy
        
        Cholecystitis in the Hospitalized Patient
      - Cholecystectomy
        
        Iatrogenic Biliary Injury
        
        Intraoperative Cholangiography
        
        Use of Drains
      - Choledocholithiasis and Cholangitis
        
        Ductal Drainage Procedures
        
        T-Tube Management
      - Cholangiocarcinoma
      - Gallbladder Carcinoma
    - Hepatic Surgery
      - Colorectal Liver Metastases
      - Hepatocellular Carcinoma
      - Concepts in Liver Resection
        
        Determining Resectability
        
        Hemostasis
        
        Use of Drains
      - Hepatic Trauma
    - Postoperative Management
    - References
  - 77: Cholecystectomy
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Anomalies of the Extrahepatic Bile Ducts
      - Avoiding Injury to the Bile Ducts
      - Avoiding Hemorrhage
      - Cystic Duct Cholangiography
      - Ligating the Hepatic Artery Inadvertently
      - Modifications in Operative Strategy Due to Acute Cholecystitis
        
        Decompressing the Gallbladder
        
        Dissecting the Gallbladder Away from the Liver
        
        Sequence of Dissection
      - Management of the Cystic Duct
        
        Cholangiography
        
        When to Abandon Cholecystectomy and Perform Cholecystostomy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Incision
      - Dissecting the Cystic Duct
      - Cystic Duct Cholangiography
      - Common Errors of Operative Cholangiography
      - Ligating the Cystic Artery
      - Dissecting the Gallbladder Bed
      - Drainage and Closure
      - Palpating the CBD
    - Postoperative Care
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
  - 78: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
    - Contraindications
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Avoiding Bleeding
      - Preventing Bile Duct Damage
      - Ensuring Good Exposure
      - Intraoperative Cholangiography
      - Conversion to Open Cholecystectomy
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Initial Inspection of the Peritoneal Cavity
      - Insertion of Secondary Trocar Cannulas
      - Dissecting the Gallbladder to Expose the Cystic Duct
      - Cystic Duct Cholangiogram
      - Removing the Gallbladder
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Postoperative Care
    - Complications
      - Bile Duct Damage: Excision of Common and Hepatic Ducts
      - Insufflation-Related Complications
      - Needle or Trocar Damage
      - Bile Leak
      - Intraoperative Hemorrhage from Cystic Artery
    - Further Reading
  - 79: Cholecystostomy: Surgical Legacy Technique
    - Contraindication
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Choice of Anesthesia
      - When Is Cholecystostomy Inadequate?
      - Preventing Bile Leaks
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Emptying the Gallbladder
      - Incision
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
  - 80: Common Bile Duct Exploration: Surgical Legacy Technique
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Avoiding Postoperative Pancreatitis
      - CBD Perforations
      - Locating and Removing Biliary Calculi
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Cholangiography
      - Choledochotomy Incision
      - Exploring the CBD
      - Kocher Maneuver
      - Choledochoscopy
      - Sphincterotomy for Impacted Stones
      - Completion Cholangiogram
      - Checking for Ampullary Stenosis
      - Insertion of the T-Tube
      - Drainage and Closure
    - Complications
      - Bile Leak and Bile Peritonitis
      - Hemorrhage
      - Increasing Jaundice
      - Postoperative Acute Pancreatitis
      - Residual CBD Stone
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
  - 81: Secondary Choledocholithotomy: Surgical Legacy Technique
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Draining the CBD
      - Exploring the CBD
      - Freeing Subhepatic Adhesions
      - Incision
  - 82: Sphincteroplasty: Surgical Legacy Technique
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Preventing Hemorrhage
      - Protecting the Pancreatic Duct
      - Avoiding Duodenal Fistula
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - CBD Exploration
      - Duodenotomy and Sphincterotomy
      - Incision and Exploration
      - Kocher Maneuver
      - Abdominal Closure and Drainage
      - Closing the Duodenotomy
      - Cholecystectomy
      - Ductoplasty for Stenosis of the Pancreatic Duct Orifice
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
  - 83: Choledochoduodenostomy: Surgical Legacy Technique
    - Contraindications
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Location of the Anastomosis
      - Size of Anastomotic Stoma
      - Preventing the Sump Syndrome
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Choledochoduodenal Anastomosis
      - Incision
      - Alternative Method of Anastomosis
      - Drainage and Closure
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
  - 84: Roux-en-Y Biliary-Enteric Bypass
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Choice of Bypass
      - Preserving Vascular Supply to the Jejunal Loop
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Creating the Roux-en-Y Jejunal Limb
      - Incision and Biopsy
      - Which Type of Bypass?
      - Side-to-End Choledochojejunostomy or Hepaticojejunostomy
      - Gastrojejunostomy
      - Stapling the Roux-en-Y Jejunojejunostomy
      - Abdominal Closure and Drainage
      - Closure of Mesenteric Gaps
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
  - 85: Transduodenal Diverticulectomy
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
      - Incision
      - Duodenotomy and Diverticulectomy
      - Kocher Maneuver
      - Closure and Drainage
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
  - 86: Operations for Lesions of Hepatic Duct Bifurcation
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Dilating Malignant Strictures of the Hepatic Duct Bifurcation
      - Resection
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Technique
      - Resection of Bifurcation Tumors
        
        Determination of Operability
        
        Incision
        
        Anastomosis
        
        Drainage and Closure
      - Intubation of Hepatic Duct Without Resecting Tumor
        
        Dilating the Malignant Structure
        
        Incision
        
        Other Intubation Techniques
    - Postoperative Care
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
  - 87: Hepatic Resection
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Anatomic Basis for Liver Resection
      - Extent of Resection
      - Anatomic Liver Resections
      - Parenchymal Transection
      - Principles of Safe Liver Resection
      - Preservation of Bile Ducts
      - Vascular Control
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Technique
      - Incision and Exposure
      - Anatomic Unisegmental and Polysegmental Resections
      - Wedge (Nonanatomic, Subsegmental, or Peripheral) Resection
      - Anatomic Right Hepatectomy (Right Hepatic Lobectomy)
      - Resection of Segments 2 and 3 (Left Lateral Lobectomy)
      - Anatomic Left Hepatectomy (Left Hepatic Lobectomy)
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - References
      - Further Reading
- Part VIII: Pancreas
  - 88: Concepts in Surgery of the Pancreas
    - Surgical Anatomy
    - Trauma
    - Chronic Pancreatitis
      - Diagnosis
      - Treatment of Chronic Pancreatitis
        
        Choice of Operation
        
        Biliary Decompression
        
        Drainage Procedures
        
        Nerve Ablation
    - Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas
      - Diagnosis
      - Imaging
      - Determination of Resectability
        
        Hepatic Metastasis
        
        Tumor Extension Remote from the Primary Tumor
        
        Vascular Invasion
      - Operative Management
      - Treatment
        
        Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation
    - Islet Cell Tumors
    - Cystic Lesions of the Pancreas
    - Complications of Pancreatic Surgery
    - Further Reading
  - 89: Partial Pancreatoduodenectomy
    - Contraindications
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Assessment of Pathology to Determine Resectability
      - Avoiding and Managing Intraoperative Hemorrhage
      - Avoiding Leakage from the Pancreaticojejunal Anastomosis
      - Avoiding Postoperative Hemorrhage
        
        Marginal Ulcer
      - Avoiding Trauma to an Anomalous Hepatic Artery Arising from the Superior Mesenteric Artery
      - Treating a Pancreatic Fistula by Removing the Pancreatic Stump
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Incision
        
        Evaluation of Pathology: Confirmation of Malignancy
        
        Determination of Resectability: Dissection of Portal and Superior Mesenteric Veins
        
        Cholecystectomy
      - Vagotomy and Antrectomy
        
        Division of Pancreas
        
        Dissection of Uncinate Process
        
        Dissection and Division of Proximal Jejunum
        
        Pancreaticojejunal Duct-to-Mucosa Anastomosis
        
        Pancreaticojejunal Anastomosis by Invagination
        
        Gastrojejunostomy
        
        Hepaticojejunal Anastomosis
        
        Insertion of Drains
        
        Closure
        
        Needle-Catheter Jejunostomy
      - Partial Pancreatoduodenectomy with Preservation of Stomach and Pylorus
        
        Operative Technique
        
        Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
  - 90: Total Pancreatoduodenectomy
    - Contraindications
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
      - Evaluation of Pathology, Determination of Resectability, Initial Mobilization
      - Incision
      - Splenectomy and Truncal Vagotomy
      - Mobilizing the Distal Pancreas
      - Antrectomy
      - Cholecystectomy and Division of the Hepatic Duct
      - Freeing the Uncinate Process
      - Hepaticojejunostomy
      - Mobilizing the Duodenojejunal Junction
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Postoperative Care
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
  - 91: Distal Pancreatectomy
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Avoiding Damage to Blood Vessels
      - Choice of Operative Approach
      - Avoiding Pancreatic Fistula
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Exploration: Liberating the Omentum
      - Identifying Splenic Artery
      - Incision and Exposure
      - Mobilizing the Spleen and Pancreas
      - Dividing the Splenic Artery and Vein
      - Closure and Drainage
      - Dividing the Pancreas
    - Postoperative Care
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
  - 92: Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Technique
      - General Considerations
      - Avoiding Damage to Blood Vessels
      - Dividing the Splenic Vein and Pancreas and Removal of the Spleen
      - Identifying Splenic Artery
    - Converting to an Open Approach
    - Stump Closure
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - References
  - 93: Operations for Pancreatic Pseudocyst
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Avoiding Anastomotic Leakage
      - Avoiding Diagnostic Errors
      - Pseudoaneurysm
      - Jaundiced Patient
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Cystogastrostomy
      - External Drainage
      - Roux-en-Y Cystojejunostomy
      - Pancreatic Resection
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
  - 94: Pancreaticojejunostomy (Puestow) for Chronic Pancreatitis
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
      - Exposure
      - Incising the Pancreatic Duct
      - Constructing the Roux-en-Y Jejunostomy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
- Part IX: Spleen
  - 95: Concepts in Splenic Surgery
    - Splenectomy for Disease
      - Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
      - Preoperative Evaluation
      - Choice of Surgical Approach: Open Versus Laparoscopic Procedure
      - Laparoscopic Management of Splenic Cysts
      - Recurrent Symptoms After Splenectomy for Hematologic Disease
      - Technical Considerations for Safe Laparoscopic Splenectomy
    - Splenic Trauma
      - Nonoperative Management of Splenic Trauma
      - Nonoperative Splenic Salvage
      - Prognostic Indicators of Failure of Nonoperative Management
      - Follow-Up Imaging
      - Laparoscopy for Management of Splenic Trauma
    - References
  - 96: Splenectomy for Disease
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Choice of Approach: Open or Laparoscopic?
      - Accessory Spleen
      - Avoiding Intraoperative Hemorrhage
      - Avoiding Pancreatic Injury
      - Avoiding Trauma to the Stomach
      - Preventing Postoperative Hemorrhage
      - Preventing Postoperative Sepsis
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Incision
      - Ligating the Splenic Artery
      - Ligating the Splenic Vessels
      - Mobilizing the Spleen
      - Abdominal Closure
      - Inverting the Greater Curvature of Stomach
      - Search for Accessory Spleens
    - Postoperative Care
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
  - 97: Operations for Splenic Trauma
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Iatrogenic Injuries
      - Splenectomy
      - Splenic Fracture
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Incision
      - Splenectomy
      - Selecting the Optimal Technique for Splenic Preservation
        
        Avulsion of Capsule; Superficial Injuries
        
        Complete Transverse Fracture
        
        Longitudinal Fracture
        
        Partial Transverse Fracture
        
        Stellate Fracture
      - Splenic Preservation
      - Applying Topical Hemostatic Agents
      - Partial Splenectomy
        
        Dividing the Spleen
        
        Abdominal Closure and Drainage
      - Splenorrhaphy
        
        Absorbable Mesh Wrap
        
        Mobilizing the Spleen
        
        Suturing the Splenic Capsule
    - Postoperative Care
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
  - 98: Laparoscopic Splenectomy
    - Indications
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Evaluation and Preparation
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
      - Laparoscopic Management of Splenic Cysts
      - Special Consideration: Massive Splenomegaly (>25 cm)
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
- Part X: Hernia Repairs, Operations for Necrotizing Fasciitis, Drainage of Subphrenic Abscess
  - 99: Concepts in Hernia Repair, Surgery for Necrotizing Fasciitis, and Drainage of Subphrenic Abscess
    - Patient Selection
    - Selection of Anesthesia
    - Perioperative Antibiotics
    - Primary Repair
    - Prosthetic Mesh Repair
    - Which Operation for Which Hernia?
    - Laparoscopic Technique
    - Repair of Femoral Hernia
    - Repair of Large Ventral Hernias
    - Repair of Recurrent Inguinal Hernia
    - Necrotizing Fasciitis
    - References
    - Subphrenic Abscess
  - 100: Shouldice Repair of Inguinal Hernia
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Anesthesia
      - Avoiding Injury
      - Avoiding Postoperative Wound Infections
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Local Anesthesia
      - Excising Cremaster Muscle
      - Exposure
      - Incision
      - Excising Indirect Sac
      - Shouldice Repair
        
        Layer 1
        
        Layer 2
        
        Layer 3
        
        Layer 4
        
        Closure of External Oblique Aponeurosis
      - Transversalis Dissection
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
  - 101: Cooper’s Ligament (McVay) Repair of Inguinal Hernia
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
      - Incision and Exposure
      - Inserting Coopers Ligament Sutures
      - Making the Relaxing Incision
      - Closing the External Oblique Aponeurosis
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
  - 102: Mesh Repair of Inguinal Hernia
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
      - Incision
      - Dissection and Identification of Direct and Indirect Sacs
      - Placement of Onlay Patch
      - Placement of Plug
      - Closure
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
  - 103: Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair: Transabdominal Preperitoneal (TAPP) and Totally Extraperitoneal (TEP) Repairs
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Technique
      - Patient Position and Room Setup: TAPP or TEP
      - TAPP Approach
        
        Placement of Mesh
        
        Stapling Technique
        
        Bilateral Hernias
        
        Onlay Graft (Nonstapled) Technique
      - TEP Approach
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
  - 104: Operations for Recurrent Inguinal Hernia
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Defect at Pubic Tubercle
      - Internal Ring Left Too Large
      - Failure to Excise Sac
      - Failure to Suture Transversalis Fascia or Transversus Arch
      - Femoral Recurrence Following Inguinal Hernia Repair
      - Infection
      - Recurrent Indirect Inguinal Hernia
      - Subcutaneous Transplantation of Cord
      - Use of Absorbable Sutures
      - Anesthesia
      - Avoiding Testicular Complications
      - Choice of Approach
      - Direct Inguinal Hernia
      - Selecting the Optimal Technique for Repair of Recurrent Inguinal Hernia
      - Technique of Dissection
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Inguinal Approach
        
        Dissecting the Inguinal Canal
        
        Incision and Exposure
        
        Repairing Recurrent Hernia Following Previous Hoisted Operation Without Opening the Inguinal Canal
        
        Abandoning the Anterior Approach
        
        Prosthetic Mesh Repair
        
        Repairing a Localized Defect in the Inguinal Floor
      - Preperitoneal Approach Using Mesh Prosthesis (Surgical Legacy Technique)
        
        Incision and Exposure
        
        Suturing the Mesh
        
        Closing the Abdominal Incision
    - Postoperative Care
    - Complications
    - References
      - Further Reading
  - 105: Femoral Hernia Repair
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Inguinal Approach
      - Low Groin Approach
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Low Groin Approach for Left Femoral Hernia
      - Low Groin Approach Using Prosthetic Mesh Plug
      - Preperitoneal Approach for Right Femoral Hernia (Nyhus)
        
        Anesthesia
        
        Incision
        
        Mobilizing the Hernial Sac
        
        Suturing the Hernial Ring
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
  - 106: Operations for Large Ventral Hernia
    - Indications
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Strategy
      - Failure to Close Laparoscopic Trocar Sites Adequately
      - Infection
      - Making Too Large a Drain Wound
      - Occult Wound Dehiscence
      - Suturing Technique
        
        Size of Tissue Bites
        
        Tension with Which Suture Should Be Tied
        
        Type of Suture Material
      - Transverse Versus Vertical Incision
      - Avoiding Tension During the Repair
      - Choice of Approach
      - Identifying Strong Tissues
      - Intercurrent Disease
      - Role of Prosthetic Mesh
      - Bioprosthetic Materials
      - Myocutaneous Flap
      - Separation of Components
      - Types of Synthetic Prosthetic Material
      - Use of Drains
    - Operative Technique
      - Elective Ventral Hernia Repair
        
        Dissecting the Hernial Sac
        
        Resecting the Hernial Sac
      - Mesh Repair of Ventral Hernia
        
        Sandwich Repair
        
        Onlay Patch Mesh Repair
        
        Separation of Components
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
  - 107: Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Technique
      - Exposure and Preparation of the Defect
      - Sizing the Mesh
    - Postoperative Care
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
  - 108: Operations for Infected Abdominal Wound Dehiscence, Necrotizing Fasciitis, and Intra-abdominal Abscesses
    - Indications
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Strategy: Infected Abdominal Wall and Dehiscence
      - Intra-abdominal Abscesses: Classification of Spaces of the Upper Abdomen
      - Management of Intestinal Stomas and Fistulas
      - Managing the Abdominal Wall Defect
      - Marsupialization and Open Abdomen Management
      - Operative Approaches to Abscess Drainage
        
        Laparotomy
        
        Lateral and Subcostal Extraperitoneal Approach
        
        Extraserous Approach
      - Repeat Laparotomy for Recurrence of Abdominal Sepsis
      - Wide Débridement
    - Operative Technique
      - Extraserous Subcostal Drainage of Right Subphrenic Abscess (Surgical Legacy Technique)
        
        Incision and Exposure
        
        Drainage and Closure
      - Laparotomy for Subphrenic and Abdominal Abscesses
        
        Incision and Exposure
        
        Drainage and Closure
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
      - Abscess Drainage
- Part XI: Breast and Melanoma
  - 109: Concepts in Breast and Melanoma Surgery
    - Breast Surgery
      - Breast Biopsy: Obtaining a Tissue Diagnosis
      - Management of Common Benign Breast Lesions
      - Screening for Breast Cancer
      - Benign Lesions on CNB That Require Excision
      - Management of Breast Cancer
        
        Invasive Cancer
        
        Lymph Node Staging
        
        Metastatic Disease
        
        Treatment of Local Recurrence
    - Melanoma Surgery
      - Biopsy of a Suspicious Lesion
      - Primary Lesion: Wide Local Excision
      - Evaluation and Treatment of Regional Nodes
        
        Indications
        
        Preoperative Considerations
        
        SLNB
        
        CLND
      - In-Transit Disease
      - Metastatic Disease
    - References
  - 110: Excision of Benign Palpable Breast Mass
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Technique
      - Choice of Incision
      - Dissection
      - Local Anesthesia
      - Repair
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
  - 111: Excision of Ducts, Operations for Breast Abscess
    - Excision of Ducts
      - Indications
      - Preoperative Preparation
        
        Ductal Endoscopy
        
        Ductography
        
        Physical Examination
    - Operative Strategy
      - Prevention of Skin Necrosis with Ductal Excision
      - Single Duct Excision Versus Total Duct Excision
      - Strategic Approach to Breast Abscesses
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Single Duct Excision
        
        Closure
        
        Identification and Excision
        
        Incision
      - Total Duct Excision
        
        Incision
        
        Excising the Ductal System
        
        Reconstruction
      - Complications
      - Postoperative Care
    - Breast Abscess
    - Para-areolar Abscess or Fistula
    - Further Reading
  - 112: Lumpectomy for Breast Cancer
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Biopsy or Lumpectomy of Nonpalpable Breast Lesions
        
        Image-Guided Biopsy
        
        Image-Guided Lumpectomy
        
        Localizing Technique
      - Biopsy/Lumpectomy of Palpable Mass
      - Extent of Excision, Marking the Specimen, Closure
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Lumpectomy for Palpable Mass
        
        Incision
        
        Closure
      - Nonpalpable Lesion: Wire Localization
      - Ultrasound-Guided Lumpectomy
      - Lumpectomy Following Previous Biopsy
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
  - 113: Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy and Axillary Staging for Breast Cancer
    - Contraindications
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
      - Axillary Node Dissection
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
      - Axillary Node Dissection
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
  - 114: Modified Radical Mastectomy, Simple (Total) Mastectomy
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Axillary Lymph Node Anatomy for Breast Cancer Surgeons
      - Modified Radical Mastectomy
      - Simple (Total) Versus Modified Radical Mastectomy
      - Incision and Skin Flaps
        
        Alternative Incisions for Mastectomy
        
        Thickness of Skin Flap
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Incision and Elevation of Skin Flaps
      - Clearing the Pectoral Fascia
      - Unroofing the Axillary Vein
      - Axillary Vein Dissection
      - Irrigation and Closure
    - Postoperative Care
    - Postoperative Complications
      - Ischemia of Skin Flap
      - Lymphedema
      - Seromas
      - Wound Infection
    - Further Reading
  - 115: Radical Mastectomy: Surgical Legacy Technique
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
      - Incision
      - Dissecting the Axillary Vein
      - Elevation of Skin Flaps
      - Exposing the Axilla
      - Detaching the Specimen
      - Dissecting the Chest Wall
      - Closure of Incision and Insertion of Drains
      - Full-Thickness Skin Graft
      - Split-Thickness Skin Graft
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
  - 116: Wide Local Excision and Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Melanoma
    - Contraindications
    - Indications
      - Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
      - Wide Local Excision
    - Operative Strategy
      - Biopsy
      - Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
      - Wide Local Excision
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Wide Local Excision
      - Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
  - 117: Axillary Lymphadenectomy for Melanoma
    - Documentation Basics
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
      - Incision
      - Exposing the Axillary Contents
      - Clearing the Axillary Vein
      - Dissecting the Chest Wall
      - Subscapular Space
      - Drainage and Closure
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Postoperative Care
  - 118: Inguinal and Pelvic Lymphadenectomy
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Extent of Lymphadenectomy
      - Preserving Skin Viability
      - Exposing the Iliac Region
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Exposing the Femoral Triangle
      - Incision and Exposure
      - Dissecting the Femoral Artery, Vein, and Nerve
      - Transposing Sartorius Muscle
      - Pelvic Lymphadenectomy
      - Skin Closure and Drainage
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading
- Part XII: Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Adrenal
  - 123: Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
      - Left Adrenalectomy
      - Patient Positioning
      - Port Placement
      - Right Adrenalectomy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Postoperative Care
    - Preoperative Preparation
  - 124: Parotidectomy
    - Complications
    - Documentation Basics
    - Further Reading
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Extent of Resection
      - Locating and Preserving the Facial Nerve
    - Operative Technique
      - Dissecting Facial Nerve Branches
      - Drainage and Closure
      - Exposing the Posterior Margin of the Parotid Gland
      - Incision and Exposure
      - Locating the Facial Nerve
      - Removing Deep Lobe of Parotid Gland (When Indicated)
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Postoperative Care
  - 125: Cricothyroidotomy
    - Complications
    - Documentation Basics
    - Further Reading
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Postoperative Care
    - Preoperative Preparation
  - 126: Tracheostomy
    - Complications
    - Documentation Basics
    - Further Reading
    - Indications
    - Introduction
    - Operative Strategy
    - Operative Technique: Formal Tracheostomy
      - Closure
      - Checking the Tracheostomy Equipment
      - Endotracheal Tube
      - Identifying the Tracheal Rings
      - Incision and Exposure
      - Inserting the Tracheostomy Tube
      - Opening the Trachea
    - Percutaneous Tracheostomy
      - Positioning and Setup
      - Procedure
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Postoperative Care
    - Preoperative Preparation
  - 119: Concepts in Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Adrenal Surgery
    - Thyroid
      - Benign Disorders
        
        Graves Disease
        
        Goiter
        
        Riedels Thyroiditis
        
        Toxic Adenoma
        
        Toxic Multinodular Goiter
      - Thyroid Carcinoma
        
        Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
        
        Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
        
        Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
        
        Hurthle Cell Carcinoma
    - Parathyroid
      - Primary Hyperparathyroidism
      - Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
      - Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy
      - Parathyroid Carcinoma
    - Adrenal
      - Adrenal Incidentaloma
      - Adrenocortical Carcinoma
      - Conns Syndrome
      - Cushings Syndrome
      - Pheochromocytoma
      - Sex Steroid Hypersecretion
      - Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy
    - Further Reading
  - 120: Thyroidectomy
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
      - Preserving the Superior Laryngeal Nerve
      - Identification and Preservation of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
      - Preserving Parathyroid Glands
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Technique
      - Identification and Ligation of the Isthmus and Middle Thyroid Vein
      - Incision and Exposure
      - Intraoperative Preparation
      - Dissecting the Superior Pole and Superior Parathyroid Gland
      - Identification of Inferior Pole Vessels
      - Identification of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve and Inferior Parathyroid Gland
      - Reimplantation of Parathyroid Glands
      - Subtotal Thyroid Lobectomy
      - Partial Thyroid Lobectomy
      - Total Thyroid Lobectomy
      - Closure
    - Postoperative Care
    - Complications
    - Further Reading
    - Minimally Invasive Thyroidectomy
  - 121: Parathyroidectomy
    - Indications
    - Preoperative Preparation
      - Preoperative Imaging
      - Intraoperative PTH Monitoring (IOPTH)
    - Operative Strategy
      - Curing the Disease
      - Preserving the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
      - Preserving Normal Parathyroid Tissue
      - Preserving the Superior Laryngeal Nerve
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Documentation Basics
    - Operative Technique
      - Incision and Exposure
      - Biopsying Normal Parathyroid
      - Four-Gland Exploration
        
        Identify Crossing of the Inferior Thyroid Artery and the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
        
        Identifying Inferior and Superior Parathyroids
      - Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy
      - Resecting the Adenoma
      - Subtotal Parathyroidectomy
      - Closure
      - Sequence for an Unfound Adenoma
      - Total Parathyroidectomy with Autotransplantation
      - Posterior Approach
      - Reoperation
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - References
  - 122: Adrenalectomy
    - Indications
    - Operative Strategy
    - Pitfalls and Danger Points
    - Preoperative Preparation
    - Operative Technique
      - Left Adrenalectomy
      - Right Adrenalectomy
    - Complications
    - Postoperative Care
    - Further Reading