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Clinical gastrointestinal endoscopy: A comprehensive atlas

Tác giả: Hoon, Jai Chun; Suk-Kyun, Yang; Myung-Gyu, Choi

Chủ đề:

Chủ đề: Medicine; Gastrointestinal; Endoscopy; Atlas

Nhà xuất bản: Springer

Năm xuất bản: 2014

Loại tài liệu: Book

Mô tả vật lý: 663 p.

Định danh: 978-3-642-35626-1

Ngôn ngữ: en

Đọc trực tuyến

Gastrointestinal endoscopy is the principal tool for the investigation and treatment of most diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The Atlas of Clinical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy offers a comprehensive overview of the role of gastrointestinal endoscopy in diagnosis. The atlas contains an abundance of high-quality images of a wide range of diseases of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by precise clinical descriptions. Normal findings and variants are also documented. Furthermore, many images obtained by means of advanced image-enhanced endoscopy, capsule endoscopy, device-assisted enteroscopy, and endoscopic ultrasound are included. This book will be an ideal reference for both specialists and trainees in gastroenterology. It will provide the reader with an invaluable store of knowledge and with the clear guidance required in order to perform gastrointestinal endoscopy to best effect.

30: Vascular and Miscellaneous Lesions of the Small Bowel
- 30.1 Vascular Anomalies of the Small Bowel
  - 30.1.1 Classification
  - 30.1.2 Angioectasia
  - 30.1.3 Venous Ectasia
  - 30.1.4 Telangiectasia
  - 30.1.5 Hemangioma
  - 30.1.6 Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)
- 30.2 Intestinal Lymphangiectasia
- 30.3 Diverticular Diseases of the Small Bowel
- 30.4 Duplication Cyst
- 30.5 Amyloidosis
- 30.6 Celiac Disease
- References
About the Editors
Contents
Contributors
Preface
Cover
Title page
Acknowledgement
1: Normal Upper GI Findings and Normal Variants
- 1.1 Oral Cavity, Pharynx, and Larynx
- 1.2 Esophagus
  - 1.2.1 Cervical Esophagus
  - 1.2.2 Thoracic Esophagus
  - 1.2.3 Esophagogastric Junction
- 1.3 Stomach
  - 1.3.1 Antrum
  - 1.3.2 Body
  - 1.3.3 Cardia and Fundus
- 1.4 Duodenum
2: Laryngopharyngeal Disease
- 2.1 Reflux Laryngopharyngitis
- 2.2 Corrosive Lesion
- 2.3 Benign Laryngopharyngeal Tumor
  - 2.3.1 Laryngopharyngeal Papilloma
  - 2.3.2 Laryngopharyngeal Lipoma
  - 2.3.3 Vocal Cord Nodule
- 2.4 Malignant Laryngopharyngeal Tumor
  - 2.4.1 Laryngeal Cancer
- Reference
3: Infectious and Noninfectious Esophagitis
- 3.1 Infectious Esophagitis
  - 3.1.1 Viral Esophagitis
    - 3.1.1.1 HSV
    - 3.1.1.2 CMV
    - 3.1.1.3 HIV
  - 3.1.2 Fungal Esophagitis
    - 3.1.2.1 Candida Esophagitis
  - 3.1.3 Bacterial Esophagitis
    - 3.1.3.1 Tuberculous Esophagitis
- 3.2 Noninfectious Esophagitis
  - 3.2.1 Pill-Induced Esophagitis
  - 3.2.2 Contact Esophagitis
  - 3.2.3 Corrosive Esophagitis
  - 3.2.4 Radiation Esophagitis
  - 3.2.5 Eosinophilic Esophagitis
  - 3.2.6 Behỗets Disease-Associated Esophagitis
  - 3.2.7 Skin Disease-Associated Esophagitis
- References
4: Reflux Esophagitis and Barretts Esophagus
- 4.1 Pathophysiology
- 4.2 Clinical Characteristics
- 4.3 Indication of Endoscopic Evaluation
- 4.4 Diagnosis and Classification of Reflux Esophagitis
- 4.5 Minimal Change
- 4.6 Treatment
  - 4.6.1 Acid Suppressive Treatment
  - 4.6.2 Fundoplication
- 4.7 Sentinel Fold
- 4.8 Peptic Strictures
- 4.9 Barretts Esophagus
- References
5: Benign Esophageal Tumors
- 5.1 Epithelial Tumors
  - 5.1.1 Squamous Papilloma
  - 5.1.2 Adenoma
- 5.2 Nonepithelial Tumors
  - 5.2.1 Leiomyoma
  - 5.2.2 Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
  - 5.2.3 Granular Cell Tumor
  - 5.2.4 Cystic Tumors
  - 5.2.5 Fibrovascular Polyp
  - 5.2.6 Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp
- 5.3 Lipoma
  - 5.3.1 Hemangioma
- References
6: Esophageal Cancer
- 6.1 Superficial Esophageal Cancer
  - 6.1.1 Definition
  - 6.1.2 Endoscopic Finding
  - 6.1.3 Importance of Chromoendoscopy and Narrow Band Image (NBI)
  - 6.1.4 Endoscopic Findings of Superficial Esophageal Cancer
- 6.2 Advanced Esophageal Cancer
  - 6.2.1 Definition
- References
7: Miscellaneous Esophageal Diseases
- 7.1 Esophageal Varices
  - 7.1.1 Definition
  - 7.1.2 Clinical Aspects
  - 7.1.3 Diagnosis
  - 7.1.4 Endoscopic Grade and Classification
- 7.2 Motility Disorders
  - 7.2.1 Achalasia
  - 7.2.2 Diffuse Esophageal Spasm
- 7.3 MalloryWeiss and Boerhaave Syndrome
  - 7.3.1 Definition
  - 7.3.2 Endoscopic Findings
- 7.4 Others
- References
8: Gastritis and Gastric Ulcers
- 8.1 Gastritis
  - 8.1.1 Acute Gastritis
  - 8.1.2 Chronic Gastritis
    - 8.1.2.1 Chronic Non-atrophic Gastritis
    - 8.1.2.2 Chronic Atrophic Gastritis and Intestinal Metaplasia
  - 8.1.3 Other Gastritis
    - 8.1.3.1 Lymphocytic Gastritis
    - 8.1.3.2 Eosinophilic Gastritis
    - 8.1.3.3 Syphilitic Gastritis
    - 8.1.3.4 Gastric Sarcoidosis
    - 8.1.3.5 Hypertrophic Gastritis (Giant Gastric Rugae)
- 8.2 Gastric Ulcers
  - 8.2.1 Benign Gastric Ulcer
    - 8.2.1.1 Stages A1S2
    - 8.2.1.2 NSAID-Induced Ulceration
    - 8.2.1.3 Other Ulcerations
      - Gastric Tuberculosis
      - Amyloidosis
      - CMV Gastritis-Induced Ulceration
- References
9: GIST and Other Subepithelial Tumors
- 9.1 Subepithelial Tumor or Submucosal Tumor
  - 9.1.1 Definition
  - 9.1.2 Clinical Manifestations
  - 9.1.3 Diagnostic Procedures in Subepithelial Tumors
    - 9.1.3.1 Standard Endoscopy
    - 9.1.3.2 Endoscopic Ultrasonography (EUS)
    - 9.1.3.3 Histologic Evaluation
- 9.2 Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST)
  - 9.2.1 Definition
  - 9.2.2 Endoscopic Appearance
  - 9.2.3 EUS Appearance
  - 9.2.4 Prognosis
- 9.3 Other Subepithelial Tumors
  - 9.3.1 Carcinoid Tumor
  - 9.3.2 Glomus Tumor
  - 9.3.3 Leiomyoma
  - 9.3.4 Pancreatic Rest (Ectopic Pancreas)
  - 9.3.5 Lipomas
  - 9.3.6 Granular Cell Tumor
  - 9.3.7 Schwannoma
  - 9.3.8 Inflammatory Fibrinoid Polyp
  - 9.3.9 Gastric Varix
  - 9.3.10 Lymphangioma
  - 9.3.11 Duplication Cyst
- 9.4 Extrinsic Compression
- References
10: Gastric Polyps and Dysplasias
- 10.1 Principles of Endoscopic Diagnosis of Gastric Polyps
  - 10.1.1 Definitions
  - 10.1.2 Clinical Manifestations
  - 10.1.3 Endoscopic Features
- 10.2 Nonneoplastic Polyps
  - 10.2.1 Hyperplastic Polyps
  - 10.2.2 Fundic Gland Polyps
  - 10.2.3 Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp
  - 10.2.4 Xanthoma
  - 10.2.5 Hamartomatous Polyps and Polyps Associated with Polyposis Syndrome
    - 10.2.5.1 Peutz-Jeghers Polyp
    - 10.2.5.2 Juvenile Polyp
    - 10.2.5.3 Cowdens Disease Polyps
    - 10.2.5.4 Cronkhite-Canada Polyp
- 10.3 Neoplastic Polyps
  - 10.3.1 Adenoma/Dysplasia
    - 10.3.1.1 Definition
    - 10.3.1.2 Clinical Significance
    - 10.3.1.3 Endoscopic Features
  - 10.3.2 Gastric Polyps and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
- References
11: Early Gastric Cancers
- 11.1 Type I EGC
- 11.2 Type IIa EGC
- 11.3 Type IIb EGC
- 11.4 Type IIc EGC
- 11.5 Type III EGC
- 11.6 Mixed-Type EGC
- 11.7 AGC-Like EGC
- References
12: Advanced Gastric Cancers
- 12.1 Type 1 AGC
- 12.2 Type 2 AGC
- 12.3 Type 3 AGC
- 12.4 Type 4 AGC
- 12.5 EGC-Mimicking AGC
- 12.6 Submucosal Tumor-Like Carcinoma
- 12.7 Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma
- 12.8 Mucinous Carcinoma
- 12.9 Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- References
13: Gastric Lymphomas and Other Gastric Malignancies
- 13.1 Gastric Lymphomas
  - 13.1.1 Definition
  - 13.1.2 Staging Systems
  - 13.1.3 Endoscopy
  - 13.1.4 Histological Subtypes
    - 13.1.4.1 Gastric Extranodal Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma of MALT
    - 13.1.4.2 Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
    - 13.1.4.3 Mantle Cell Lymphoma
    - 13.1.4.4 Enteropathy-Type T-Cell Lymphoma
- 13.2 Other Gastric Malignancies
  - 13.2.1 Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors (Gastric Carcinoids)
    - 13.2.1.1 Definition
    - 13.2.1.2 Clinicopathological Classification
    - 13.2.1.3 Endoscopy
  - 13.2.2 Gastric Metastasis from Malignancies of Other Organs
- References
14: Miscellaneous Gastric Diseases
- 14.1 Vascular Abnormalities
  - 14.1.1 Gastric Angiodysplasia
  - 14.1.2 Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy
  - 14.1.3 Dieulafoys Lesion
- 14.2 Anatomic Abnormalities
  - 14.2.1 Gastric Diverticulum
  - 14.2.2 Mallory-Weiss Tear
- 14.3 Gastric Bezoar
- 14.4 Foreign Bodies
- References
15: Duodenitis and Duodenal Ulcers
- 15.1 Duodenal Ulcers
  - 15.1.1 Definition and Clinical Characteristics
  - 15.1.2 Endoscopic Stage
    - 15.1.2.1 Active Stage
    - 15.1.2.2 Healing Stage
    - 15.1.2.3 Scarring Stage
  - 15.1.3 Complications
    - 15.1.3.1 Bleeding
    - 15.1.3.2 Perforation
    - 15.1.3.3 Stricture
- 15.2 Duodenitis
- 15.3 Rare Causes of Duodenal Ulcer or Duodenitis
- References
16: Duodenal Tumors
- 16.1 Duodenal Polyps
- 16.2 Duodenal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST)
- 16.3 Duodenal Carcinoids
- 16.4 Other Duodenal Submucosal Tumors (SMTs)
- 16.5 Duodenal Adenocarcinoma
- 16.6 Duodenal Lymphomas
- 16.7 Duodenal Involvement of Other Malignancies
- References
17: Miscellaneous Duodenal Diseases
- 17.1 Duodenal Diverticulum
- 17.2 Angiodysplasia
- 17.3 Duodenal Varix
- 17.4 Henoch-Schưnlein Purpura
- 17.5 Duodenal Lymphangioma
- 17.6 Ascaris lumbricoides
18: Normal Colonoscopy Findings
- 18.1 Normal Colonoscopy Findings
  - 18.1.1 Anus and Rectum
  - 18.1.2 Sigmoid Colon
  - 18.1.3 Descending Colon
  - 18.1.4 Transverse Colon
  - 18.1.5 Hepatic Flexure
  - 18.1.6 Ascending Colon
  - 18.1.7 Cecum
  - 18.1.8 Terminal Ileum
- 18.2 Normal Variants
  - 18.2.1 Nonspecific Erythema of Rectum
  - 18.2.2 Iatrogenic Mucosal Injury by Colonoscopy
  - 18.2.3 Suction Polyp
  - 18.2.4 Lymphoid Nodules
  - 18.2.5 Inverted Appendix
  - 18.2.6 Aphthous Ulcer
  - 18.2.7 Uterine Cervix
  - 18.2.8 Normal Postoperative Appearances
  - 18.2.9 Appendiceal Stump
  - 18.2.10 Stomas
- References
19: Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
- 19.1 Definition
- 19.2 Indication of Colonoscopy in Idiopathic IBD
- 19.3 Ulcerative Colitis
  - 19.3.1 Clinical Manifestations
  - 19.3.2 Endoscopic Features
    - 19.3.2.1 Extent of Disease
    - 19.3.2.2 Characteristic Endoscopic Features
      - Active Disease
      - Inactive Disease
      - UC Associated with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (Fig. 19.21)
    - 19.3.2.3 Dysplasia and Cancer
    - 19.3.2.4 Pouchitis
    - 19.3.2.5 Gastroduodenal Lesions in Ulcerative Colitis
- 19.4 Crohns Disease
  - 19.4.1 Clinical Manifestations
  - 19.4.2 Endoscopic Features
- 19.5 Intestinal Behỗets Disease
  - 19.5.1 Clinical Manifestations
  - 19.5.2 Endoscopic Features
- 19.6 Endoscopic Differential Diagnosis
  - 19.6.1 UC vs. CD [ 3 ] (Table 19.5)
  - 19.6.2 CD vs. GI BD [ 3 ] (Table 19.6)
- References
20: Inflammatory Diseases of Colon Other than Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- 20.1 Infectious Enterocolitis
  - 20.1.1 Tuberculous Enterocolitis
    - 20.1.1.1 Endoscopic Features
  - 20.1.2 Yersinia Enterocolitis
  - 20.1.3 Salmonella Enterocolitis
  - 20.1.4 Shigella Enterocolitis
  - 20.1.5 CMV Colitis
  - 20.1.6 Amebic Colitis
  - 20.1.7 Parasites Infestation
- 20.2 Ischemic Colitis
  - 20.2.1 Endoscopic Features
- 20.3 Drug-Induced Colitis
  - 20.3.1 Antibiotics-Associated Colitis
  - 20.3.2 Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory ư Drugs-ưAssociated Colitis
  - 20.3.3 Preparation-Associated Enterocolitis
- 20.4 Radiation Colitis
- 20.5 Eosinophilic Colitis
- 20.6 Diversion Colitis
- References
21: Colorectal Polyps and Polyposis
- 21.1 Principles of Endoscopic Diagnosis of Colorectal Polyp
  - 21.1.1 Definition
  - 21.1.2 Clinical Manifestations
  - 21.1.3 Endoscopic Features
    - 21.1.3.1 Gross Morphology
    - 21.1.3.2 Surface Characteristics
      - Pit Pattern
      - NBI Pattern
- 21.2 Epithelial Polyp
  - 21.2.1 Adenomatous Polyp
  - 21.2.2 Serrated Polyp
  - 21.2.3 Hamartomatous Polyp
    - 21.2.3.1 Juvenile Polyp
    - 21.2.3.2 Peutz-Jeghers Polyp
  - 21.2.4 Inflammatory Polyp
  - 21.2.5 Malignant Colorectal Polyp
- 21.3 Nonepithelial Polyp
  - 21.3.1 General Characteristics of Nonepithelial Polyp
  - 21.3.2 Neuroendocrine Tumor (NET)
  - 21.3.3 Leiomyoma
  - 21.3.4 GIST
  - 21.3.5 Lipoma
  - 21.3.6 Lymphangioma
- 21.4 Polyposis Syndrome
  - 21.4.1 Classification of Polyposis Syndrome
  - 21.4.2 Hereditary Polyposis Syndrome
    - 21.4.2.1 Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) and Variants
    - 21.4.2.2 Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
    - 21.4.2.3 Juvenile Polyposis
    - 21.4.2.4 Cowden Syndrome
    - 21.4.2.5 Intestinal Ganglioneuromatosis
  - 21.4.3 Nonhereditary Polyposis Syndrome
    - 21.4.3.1 Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome
    - 21.4.3.2 Serrated Polyposis
    - 21.4.3.3 Inflammatory Polyposis
    - 21.4.3.4 Cap Polyposis
    - 21.4.3.5 Multiple Lymphomatous Polyposis
    - 21.4.3.6 Lymphoid Hyperplasia
- References
22: Malignant Tumors in Colon
- 22.1 Primary Colorectal Cancer
  - 22.1.1 Early Colorectal Cancer
    - 22.1.1.1 Definition
    - 22.1.1.2 Endoscopic Features
  - 22.1.2 Advanced Colorectal Cancer
    - 22.1.2.1 Definition
    - 22.1.2.2 Endoscopic Findings
- 22.2 Malignant Lymphoma
  - 22.2.1 Definition
  - 22.2.2 Endoscopic Features
- 22.3 Metastatic Cancer
  - 22.3.1 Definition
  - 22.3.2 Endoscopic Findings
- References
23: Colonic Diverticular and Vascular Diseases
- 23.1 Diverticular Disease
  - 23.1.1 Diverticulosis
    - 23.1.1.1 Introduction
    - 23.1.1.2 Clinical Assessments
    - 23.1.1.3 Endoscopic Findings
  - 23.1.2 Diverticulitis
    - 23.1.2.1 Introductions
    - 23.1.2.2 Clinical Assessments
    - 23.1.2.3 Endoscopic Findings
  - 23.1.3 Diverticular Bleeding
    - 23.1.3.1 Introductions
    - 23.1.3.2 Clinical Assessments
    - 23.1.3.3 Endoscopic Findings
- 23.2 Vascular Diseases in Colon
  - 23.2.1 Angiodysplasia
    - 23.2.1.1 Introduction
    - 23.2.1.2 Clinical Presentations
    - 23.2.1.3 Endoscopic Findings
  - 23.2.2 Radiation Telangiectasia
  - 23.2.3 Hemangiomas
    - 23.2.3.1 Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome
  - 23.2.4 Other Vascular Diseases
    - 23.2.4.1 Portal Hypertensive Colopathy
    - 23.2.4.2 Dieulafoys Lesions
- References
24: Anorectal Diseases
- 24.1 Anorectal Anatomy
- 24.2 Anal Cancers
  - 24.2.1 Anatomic Subsites of Malignant Anorectal Diseases
  - 24.2.2 Anal Canal Cancers
  - 24.2.3 Anal Margin Cancers
  - 24.2.4 Anal Melanoma
- 24.3 Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia
- 24.4 Condylomata Acuminata (Anal Warts)
- 24.5 Hemorrhoids
  - 24.5.1 Internal Hemorrhoid
  - 24.5.2 External Hemorrhoid
- 24.6 Anal Fissure
- 24.7 Hypertrophied Anal Papillae and Fibroepithelial Polyp
- 24.8 Perianal Abscess and Anal Fistula (Fistula-in-ano)
- 24.9 Proctitis
  - 24.9.1 Infectious Proctitis
  - 24.9.2 Chronic Radiation Proctopathy
  - 24.9.3 Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome
- References
25: Miscellaneous Lesions in the Colon
- 25.1 Melanosis Coli
  - 25.1.1 Definition
  - 25.1.2 Clinical Manifestations
  - 25.1.3 Endoscopic Features
- 25.2 Endometriosis
  - 25.2.1 Clinical Manifestations
  - 25.2.2 Endoscopic Features
- 25.3 Graft-Versus-Host Disease
  - 25.3.1 Definition and Clinical Manifestations
  - 25.3.2 Endoscopic Features
- 25.4 Amyloidosis
  - 25.4.1 Definition and Clinical Manifestations
  - 25.4.2 Endoscopic Features
- 25.5 Acute Appendicitis
  - 25.5.1 Clinical Manifestations
  - 25.5.2 Endoscopic Features
- 25.6 Appendiceal Mucocele
  - 25.6.1 Definition and Clinical Manifestations
  - 25.6.2 Endoscopic Features
- 25.7 Pneumatosis Intestinalis
  - 25.7.1 Definition and Clinical Manifestations
  - 25.7.2 Endoscopic Features
- References
26: Normal Small Bowel Findings and Variants
- 26.1 Gross Morphological Features
- 26.2 Modalities for Enteroscopic Small Bowel Imaging
- 26.3 Normal Findings of the Small Bowel
  - 26.3.1 Villi
  - 26.3.2 Vessels
  - 26.3.3 Contents
  - 26.3.4 Motility
  - 26.3.5 Subdivision of the Small Bowel and Anatomical Landmarks
    - 26.3.5.1 Duodenum
    - 26.3.5.2 Jejunum and Ileum
    - 26.3.5.3 Ileocecal Valve
- References
27: Inflammatory Lesions of the Small Bowel
- 27.1 Introduction
- 27.2 Crohns Disease
  - 27.2.1 Definition
  - 27.2.2 Proposed Indications of Investigation
  - 27.2.3 Endoscopic Findings
    - 27.2.3.1 Villous Denudation (Loss of Villi)
    - 27.2.3.2 Aphthous Ulcers/Erosions
    - 27.2.3.3 Linear/Longitudinal Ulcers
    - 27.2.3.4 Other Shape Ulcers
    - 27.2.3.5 Cobblestone Appearance
    - 27.2.3.6 Pseudopolyps
    - 27.2.3.7 Stricture
    - 27.2.3.8 Fistula
  - 27.2.4 Indexes for Evaluating the Severity
- 27.3 Ulcerative Colitis
  - 27.3.1 Definition
  - 27.3.2 Endoscopic Findings
    - 27.3.2.1 Backwash Ileitis
    - 27.3.2.2 Diffuse Duodenitis
    - 27.3.2.3 Postcolectomy Pouchitis
- References
28: Inflammatory Lesions of the Small Bowel Other than Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- 28.1 Introduction
- 28.2 Infectious Disease
  - 28.2.1 Tuberculous Enteritis
    - 28.2.1.1 Clinical Characteristics and Diagnosis
    - 28.2.1.2 Endoscopic Findings
  - 28.2.2 Cytomegalovirus Enteritis
    - 28.2.2.1 Clinical Characteristics
    - 28.2.2.2 Endoscopic Findings
  - 28.2.3 Taeniasis
    - 28.2.3.1 Clinical Characteristics
    - 28.2.3.2 Endoscopic Findings
- 28.3 Ischemic Enteritis
  - 28.3.1 Clinical Characteristics
  - 28.3.2 Endoscopic Findings
- 28.4 NSAIDs-Induced Enteropathy
  - 28.4.1 Clinical Characteristics
  - 28.4.2 Endoscopic Findings
- 28.5 Portal Hypertensive Enteropathy
  - 28.5.1 Clinical Characteristics
  - 28.5.2 Endoscopic Findings
- References
29: Tumorous Lesions of the Small Bowel
- 29.1 Introduction
- 29.2 Tumors of the Small Bowel
  - 29.2.1 Adenoma and Adenocarcinoma
  - 29.2.2 Neuroendocrine Tumor (Carcinoid Tumor)
  - 29.2.3 Hamartoma
  - 29.2.4 Stromal Tumors
  - 29.2.5 Lipoma
  - 29.2.6 Lymphoma
  - 29.2.7 Vascular Tumors
  - 29.2.8 Lymphangioma
  - 29.2.9 Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp
  - 29.2.10 Metastatic Tumors
- References
Index