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Disorders of the Hand; Volume 2: Hand Reconstruction and Nerve Compression.

Tác giả: Trail, Ian A.; Fleming, Andrew N.M.

Chủ đề:

Chủ đề: Medicine; Hand Reconstruction; Nerve Compression; Hand

Nhà xuất bản: Springer

Năm xuất bản: 2015

Loại tài liệu: Book

Mô tả vật lý: 304 p.

Định danh: 978-1-4471-6560-6

Ngôn ngữ: en

Đọc trực tuyến

Disorders of the Hand describes the techniques for diagnosis applicable to the various disorders of the hand and how evidence based findings influence clinical practice. Treatment options including surgery are discussed in detail and clinical pearls are given in every chapter. Nerve compression and hand reconstruction are comprehensively covered in this second of four volumes, while hand injuries, inflammation and arthritis, swelling and tumours, congenital hand defects and surgical techniques are included in the book’s three sister volumes

Cover
Title page
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Contributors
Part I: Hand Reconstruction
- 1: Nerve Reconstruction
  - Introduction
  - Background Aetiology
    - Presentation
      - Pathophysiology
      - Classification of Nerve Injury
    - Preoperative Investigation and Diagnosis
    - Treatment Options
      - Principles of Nerve Repair
      - Timing of Nerve Repair
      - Techniques of Nerve Repair
        
        End-to-End-Repair
        
        End-to-Side Nerve Repair (Fig. 1.5)
        
        Nerve Grafting (Fig. 1.6)
        
        Vascularized Nerve Grafts (Fig. 1.7)
        
        Technique
        
        Ulnar Nerve
        
        Saphenous Nerve
        
        Sural Nerve
        
        Nerve Transfers
    - Lesions in Continuity
      - Intraoperative Diagnosis and Treatment
        
        Four Roots Avulsion
        
        Global Avulsion
        
        One or Two Root Avulsions
        
        Three Roots Avulsion
    - Surgical Techniques
      - Intraplexus Donors
        
        C5 Root Transfer
        
        Technique
        
        C7 Root Transfer
        
        Technique
      - Extraplexus Nerve Donors
        
        Spinal Accessory Nerve Transfer
        
        Technique
        
        Intercostals Nerve Transfer
        
        Technique
        
        Phrenic Nerve Transfer
        
        Technique
      - Technique
      - Ulnar-to-Musculocutaneous Nerve Transfer
    - Rehabilitation
  - Outcomes
  - Complications of Treatment
  - Conclusions
  - References
- 2: Tendon Transfers
  - Introduction
  - General Principles of Tendon Transfers (See Table 2.1)
    - Adequate Donor Excursion
    - Adequate Donor Strength
    - Supple Joints
    - Tissue Equilibrium
    - Expendable Donor
    - One Tendon – One Function
    - Straight Line of Pull
    - Synergism
  - Surgical Algorithm (Table 2.3)
    - Is the Hand Suitable for a Tendon Transfer?
    - What Is Available?
    - What Is Lost?
    - Is the Patient Suitable for a Tendon Transfer?
  - Radial Nerve Palsy
    - Anatomy
    - Assessment
      - High Radial Nerve Palsy
      - Low Radial Nerve Palsy
  - Surgical Technique (Fig. 2.2)
    - Timing of Radial Nerve Tendon Transfers
  - Ulnar Nerve Palsy
    - Anatomy
    - Introduction
    - Assessment
  - Management Algorithm
    - Clawing
      - Technique of Zancolli Lasso
    - Procedures to Increase Grip Strength
    - Procedures to Increase Pinch Strength
      - Ulnar Nerve Palsy – Closing Comments
  - Median Nerve Palsy
    - Introduction
    - Anatomy
    - Assessment
      - Low Median Nerve Palsy
      - High Median Palsy
    - Short Notes on Combined Palsies
  - References
- 3: Extensor Tendon Reconstruction
  - Introduction
  - Chronic Mallet Deformity
    - Aetiology
    - Assessment
    - Treatment Options
    - Surgical Techniques and Rehabilitation
      - Central Slip Tenotomy
      - Tendon Plication
      - Tenodermodesis (Dermatotenodesis)
      - Oblique Retinacular Ligament (ORL) Reconstruction
    - Conclusions/Authors Preferred Approach
    - Outcomes and Complications
  - Chronic Zone III Injury (Boutonnière Deformity)
    - Aetiology
    - Assessment
    - Treatment Options
    - Surgical Techniques and Rehabilitation
      - Excision of Scar and Re-attachment of Central Slip
      - Lateral Band Mobilisation and Relocation: Littler-Eaton Technique [13]
      - Terminal Tendon Tenotomy
      - Curtis Staged Reconstruction [16]
      - Free Tendon Graft Reconstruction
      - Lateral Band Transfer: Matev Procedure [14]
      - Reconstruction of Central Slip Using Distally Based FDS Slip [15]
    - Outcomes and Complications
    - Conclusions/Authors Preferred Approach
  - Sagittal Band Reconstruction
    - Aetiology
    - Assessment
    - Surgical Techniques and Rehabilitation
      - Excision of Scar and Repair or Imbrication
      - Pulley Construction MPJ (Kang) [28]
      - Sagittal Band Reconstruction Using EDC Tendon Slip
      - Sagittal Band Reconstruction Using Junctura Tendinum
    - Treatment Options
    - Conclusion/Authors Preferred Approach
    - Outcomes and Complications
  - Chronic Zone 6, 7, and 8 Injuries
    - Aetiology
    - Assessment
    - Surgical Techniques and Rehabilitation
      - Free Tendon Interposition Graft
      - Tendon Buddying
    - Treatment Options
    - Conclusion/Authors Preferred Approach
    - Outcomes and Complications
  - EPL Reconstruction
    - Aetiology
    - Assessment
    - Surgical Techniques and Rehabilitation
      - APL to EPL Transfer
        
        Incision
        
        Procedure
      - EIP to EPL Transfer
        
        Incisions
        
        Post Operative Management
        
        Procedure
      - Free Tendon Interposition Graft
    - Treatment Options
    - Conclusions/Authors Preferred Approach
    - Outcomes and Complications
  - References
- 4: Flexor Tendon Reconstruction
  - Introduction
  - Tenolysis
    - Background
    - Presentation and Investigation
    - Treatment
    - Complications
    - Outcome
  - One- and Two-Stage Tendon Reconstruction
    - Background
      - Flexor Tendon Reconstruction of Zone I Injuries
    - Presentation
    - Treatment
      - One Stage Tendon Grafting
      - Two Stage Tendon Grafting
        
        Stage One
        
        Stage Two
    - Outcome
    - Complications
  - Flexor Tendon Reconstruction of Zone II Injuries
    - Presentation
    - Treatment
      - One-Stage Tendon Grafting
      - Two-Stage Tendon Grafting
        
        Stage One
        
        Paneva-Holevich
        
        Stage Two
      - Pulley Reconstruction
    - Outcome
    - Complications
  - Flexor Tendon Reconstruction of Zone III to V Injuries
    - Presentation
    - Complications
    - Outcome
    - Treatment
  - Reconstruction of Thumb Flexor Tendon Injuries
    - Complications
    - Outcome
    - Presentation
    - Treatment
  - Flexor Tendon Reconstruction in Children
  - Tendon Graft Donors
  - Conclusions
  - References
- 5: Malunion/Nonunion of the Digits
  - Aetiology
  - Introduction
  - Classification
    - A Metacarpal Malunions
    - Phalangeal Malunions
  - Surgical Techniques in Malunions
    - Surgical Techniques in Metacarpal Malunions
      - Extra-Articular Malunion with Dorsal Angulation
      - Extra-Articular Rotational Malunion
      - Intra-Articular Malunion
      - Metacarpal Shortening
    - Surgical Techniques in Phalangeal Malunions
      - Angulatory Deformity
      - Rotational Malunion
      - Intra-Articular Malunion
      - Phalangeal Shortening
  - Surgical Techniques in Nonunions
  - Outcomes
  - Complications
  - Conclusions
  - References
- 6: Scaphoid Non Union
  - Diagnosis
  - Introduction
  - Assessment of Blood Supply
  - Patterns of Non Union
  - Principles of Treatment
  - Types and Technique of Non-ưvascularized Bone Graft
  - Variables of Non Union
  - Types and Technique of Vascularized Bone Graft (VBG)
  - Authors Preferred Method
  - Clinical Results
  - Postoperative Treatment
  - References
- 7: Distal Radius Malunion
  - Introduction
  - Pathomechanics
  - Indications
  - Surgical Techniques and Rehabilitation
    - Dorsal Angulated Malunion
      - Opening Wedge Osteotomy- Volar Approach
      - Closing Wedge Osteotomy (Wadas Procedure)
    - Volar Angulated Malunion
    - Intraarticular Malunion
    - Ulnar Side Procedures
  - Outcome
  - Conclusions
  - References
- 8: Local Vascular Bone Graft Reconstruction
  - Background/Aetiology
    - Scaphoid Injuries and Vascularised Bone Grafts
    - Avascular Necrosis of the Scaphoid (Preisers Disease) and Vascularised Bone Grafts
    - Kienbưcks Disease and Vascularised Bone Grafts
  - Introduction
  - Surgical Techniques and Rehabilitation
  - Outcome Including Literature Review
    - Scaphoid Pathology
    - Lunate Pathology
  - Complications of Treatment
  - Conclusions
  - References
- 9: Chronic Instability of the Fingers and Thumb
  - Instability of the Carpometacarpal Joint of the Thumb
  - Introduction
  - MCPJ Thumb Instability
  - Ulnar Collateral Chronic Instability
    - Treatment
  - Chronic Volar Instability of the Thumb
    - Treatment
  - Radial Collateral Chronic Instability
    - Treatment
  - Chronic Instability of the MCPJ of the Fingers
  - The Interphalangeal Joints
  - Dorsal Chronic Instability
  - Hyperextension Deformity
  - Lateral Chronic Instability
  - Volar Chronic Instability
  - Distal Interphalangeal Joint and Interphalangeal Joint of the Thumb
  - References
  - Summary
- 10: Chronic Carpal Instability
  - Introduction
  - Scapholunate Dissociation
    - Presentation and Diagnosis
    - Treatment of SLD
    - Surgical Techniques Used for the Treatment of SLD
      - Tendon Reconstruction of SL Stability. The 3LT Method
      - Bone-Ligament-Bone Grafts
      - Radio-Scapho-Lunate Fusion Plus Distal Scaphoidectomy
      - Reduction-Association of the SL Joint (RASL Procedure)
      - Scaphotrapezoid-Trapezial Arthrodesis
  - Lunotriquetral Dissociation
    - Treatment of LTq Instability
  - Summary
  - References
- 11: Chronic Distal Radio-ulna Instability
  - Introduction
  - Functional Anatomy
  - Kinematics and Biomechanics
  - Classification
  - Clinical Evaluation
  - Evaluation
  - Treatment
    - Congenital Abnormalities
    - Inflammatory Arthropathy
  - Fracture
  - Soft Tissue Injury
  - Summary
  - References
Part II: Nerve Compression
- 12: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
  - Aetiology
    - An Increase in the Volume of the Nerve
    - Narrow Tunnel
    - Nerve Susceptibility to Compression
      - Acromegaly
      - Diabetes
      - Hereditary Liability to Pressure Paralysis (HLPP)
      - Hypothyroidism
      - The Double Crush Phenomena
    - Reduction in Space Available Within the Tunnel
  - Introduction
  - Presentation, Investigation and Treatment Options
    - Provocation Tests
      - Tinels Sign
      - Phalens Test
      - Pronator Provocation
    - Splinting
    - Treatment Options
    - Steroids
    - Surgery
  - Surgical Techniques and Rehabilitation
    - Surgical Techniques
      - Open Carpal Tunnel Release (CTR)
        
        Post-operative Regime for Open CTR
      - Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release
        
        Dual Portal Technique
        
        Single Portal Technique
    - Post-op Regime for Endoscopic CTR
  - Complications of Treatment
    - Complications
    - Recalcitrant and Recurrent Cases (Fig. 12.5)
  - Outcomes
  - Conclusions
  - References
- 13: Nerve Compression Median Nerve Entrapment in the Forearm
  - Anatomy
    - Plexus Brachialis
    - Median Nerve
  - History
  - Examination
  - Pronator Syndrome
    - Presentation
    - Differential Diagnosis
  - Anterior Interosseous Syndrome
    - Differential Diagnosis
    - Presentation
  - Aetiology
    - In General
    - Specific Aetiology of PS and AINS
    - The Double Crush Theory
  - Treatment
    - Non-operative Management
    - Operative Technique
  - Outcome
    - Anterior Interosseous Syndrome
    - Pronator Syndrome
    - Complications
  - References
- 14: Nerve Compression: Ulnar Nerve of the Elbow
  - Anatomy
  - Introduction
  - Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve Anatomy
  - Ulnar Nerve Blood Supply
  - Sites of Potential Compression
  - Diagnosis
  - Pathology
  - Non-operative Treatment
  - Staging
  - Operative Treatment
  - Surgical Technique
    - In Situ Decompression
    - Anterior Subcutaneous Transposition
    - Intramuscular Transposition
    - Medial Epicondylectomy
    - Submuscular Transposition
    - Endoscopic Release
  - Failed Operative Treatment
  - Conclusion
  - Revision Surgery
  - References
- 15: Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome
  - History
  - Introduction
  - Physical Examination
  - Anatomy: (Figs. 15.4, 15.5, 15.6, and 15.7)
  - Radiographic Workup and Special Imaging Studies
  - Differential Diagnosis
    - Ganglion Cyst (Figs. 15.8 and 15.9)
    - Ulnar Artery Thrombosis and Hypothenar Hammer Syndrome (Fig. 15.10)
    - Associated with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
    - Hook of Hamate Fracture (Fig. 15.11)
    - Ulnar Artery Aneurysm
  - Treatment
  - Summary
  - Surgical Technique
  - References
    - All Works Consulted
- 16: Compressive Neuropathies of the Radial Nerve
  - Introduction
  - Radial Nerve Anatomy
  - Compressive Neuropathies of the Posterior Interosseous Nerve
  - PIN Compression Syndrome
    - Clinical Evaluation
    - Non Operative Treatment
    - Surgical Management
      - Anterior Approach of Henry (Figs. 16.3, 16.4, 16.5, and 16.6)
      - Brachioradialis Split, BR/ECRL Interval, ECRL/ECRB Interval (Fig. 16.7)
      - Posterior Approach (Thompson) (Fig. 16.8)
      - Selecting an Approach
    - Post Operative Care
  - Radial Tunnel Syndrome
    - Clinical Evaluation
    - Treatment
  - Entrapment of the Superficial Sensory Branch
    - Overview
    - Clinical Evaluation
    - Treatment
  - References
  - Summary
Index