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Engineering Mineralized and Load Bearing Tissues

Tác giả: Bertassoni, Luiz E.; Coelho, Paulo G.

Chủ đề:

Chủ đề: Medicine

Nhà xuất bản: Springer

Năm xuất bản: 2015

Loại tài liệu: Book

Mô tả vật lý: 280 p.

Định danh: 978-3-319-22345-2

Ngôn ngữ: en

Liên kết: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology;Book 881

Đọc trực tuyến

This book offers a comprehensive overview of current challenges and strategies to regenerate load-bearing and calcified human tissues, including bone, cartilage,tendon, ligaments and dental structures (dentin, enamel, cementum and periodontal ligament). Tissue engineering has long held great promises as an improved treatment option for conditions affecting mineralized and load-bearing structures in the body. Although significant progress has been achieved in recent years, a number of challenges still exist.

Cover
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
Title
Copyright
Preface: Engineering Mineralized and Load- Bearing Tissues: Progress and Challenges
Engineering Mineralized a nd Load Bearing Tissues
Contents
Part I: Fabrication Methods and Techniques
- 1: 3D Printing and Biofabrication for Load Bearing Tissue Engineering
  - 1.1 Introduction
  - 1.2 Biofabrication and Bioprinting of Load Bearing Tissue Engineering
    - 1.2.1 Bone
    - 1.2.2 Cartilage and Osteochondral Regions
    - 1.2.3 Dental Tissue Engineering
  - 1.3 Summary and Conclusions
  - References
- 2: Microfabrication of Cell-Laden Hydrogels for Engineering Mineralized and Load Bearing Tissues
  - 2.1 Introduction
  - 2.2 Hydrogels: Artificial Extracellular Matrices
  - 2.3 Microfabrication Techniques to Engineer Cell-Laden Hydrogels
    - 2.3.1 Photolithography
    - 2.3.2 Soft Lithography
    - 2.3.3 Bioprinting
  - 2.4 Applications of Microfabrication Technology in Regenerative Dentistry
    - 2.4.1 Regeneration of a Bioengineered Tooth
    - 2.4.2 Regeneration of Dental Pulpal Tissues
    - 2.4.3 Regeneration of Periodontium
  - 2.5 Applications of Microfabrication Technology in Bone Regeneration
  - 2.6 Applications of Microfabrication Technology in Cartilage Regeneration
  - 2.7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
  - References
- 3: Electrospinning of Bioinspired Polymer Scaffolds
  - 3.1 Introduction
  - 3.2 Polymers
  - 3.3 Composites and Hybrid Materials
    - 3.3.1 Electrospun Fibre Reinforcement with Bioactive Substances
    - 3.3.2 Surface Mineralisation of Electrospun Nanofibres
  - 3.4 Ceramics
  - 3.5 Designs for 3D Structure Generation
  - 3.6 Load-Bearing Structures
  - 3.7 Electrospinning and Tissue Engineering
    - 3.7.1 Bone
    - 3.7.2 Osteochondral
    - 3.7.3 Tooth
  - 3.8 Drug Delivery Systems
  - 3.9 Future Perspectives
  - References
Part II: Applied Strategies for Tissue Engineering: Bone and Cartilage
- 4: Bone Tissue Engineering Challenges in Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
  - 4.1 Introduction
  - 4.2 Challenges for Bone Tissue Engineering in the Craniofacial Complex
  - 4.3 Current Methods of Maxillofacial Reconstruction
  - 4.4 Mandible Reconstruction
  - 4.5 Maxillary Reconstruction
  - 4.6 The “Ideal” Material for Craniofacial Reconstructions
  - 4.7 Scaffold Materials
    - 4.7.1 Calcium/Phosphate-Based Bioactive Ceramics
    - 4.7.2 Polymer-Based Scaffolds
  - 4.8 Bioactive Factors
    - 4.8.1 Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)
    - 4.8.2 Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)
    - 4.8.3 Transforming Growth Factor-ưBeta (TGF-β)
    - 4.8.4 Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)
    - 4.8.5 Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)
  - 4.9 Gene Delivery
  - 4.10 Mesenchymal and Adipose Derived Stem Cells
  - 4.11 Future Challenges for Craniofacial Tissue Engineering
  - References
- 5: Engineering Pre-vascularized Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration
  - 5.1 Introduction
  - 5.2 Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis
  - 5.3 Cellular Approaches to Engineer Vascular Networks
    - 5.3.1 Growth Factor Delivery
      - 5.3.1.1 Physical Entrapment of Growth Factors
      - 5.3.1.2 Chemically Immobilized Growth Factors
    - 5.3.2 On-Chip Vascularization Studies
  - 5.4 Biofabrication Approaches to Engineer Pre-vascularized Scaffolds
    - 5.4.1 Lithography and Microfabrication
    - 5.4.2 3D Printing
  - 5.5 Final Remarks
  - References
- 6: Morphogenic Peptides in Regeneration of Load Bearing Tissues
  - 6.1 Introduction
  - 6.2 Peptides Derived from Bone Morphogenic Proteins and Soluble Proteins of Bone Matrix
  - 6.3 Integrin Binding Peptides
  - 6.4 Peptides Derived from Vasculogenic and Neurogenic Proteins
  - 6.5 Osteoinductivity of Peptides Versus Proteins
  - 6.6 Dose Dependence of Osteoinductivity of Morphogenic Peptides
  - 6.7 Osteoinductive Peptide Delivery Strategies
  - 6.8 Aggregation of Osteoinductive Peptides
  - 6.9 Future Work
  - References
- 7: Osseointegration of Plateau Root Form Implants: Unique Healing Pathway Leading to Haversian-ưLike Long-Term Morphology
  - 7.1 Introduction
  - 7.2 Early Osseointegration Pathway: Interfacial Remodeling, Intramembranous-Like Healing (Healing Chambers), and Hybrid Healing
    - 7.2.1 Interfacial Remodeling Healing Pathway
    - 7.2.2 Intramembranous-Like Healing Pathway (Healing Chamber Osseointegration)
    - 7.2.3 Current Trend: Hybrid Healing Pathway: Integrating Interfacial Remodeling and Intramembranous-Like Bone Healing Modes
  - 7.3 Long-Term Osseointegration: Healing Pathway Effect on Osseointegration, Bone Morphology, and Bone Mechanical Property Evolution
    - 7.3.1 Long-Term Morphology of Implants That Undergo Interfacial Remodeling
    - 7.3.2 Long-Term Morphology, Bone Mechanical Property, and Temporal Osseointegration of Implants That Undergo Intramembranous-Like Healing
  - 7.4 Hastening the Osseointegration Process
  - 7.5 Final Remarks
  - References
- 8: Dentin Matrix Proteins in Bone Tissue Engineering
  - 8.1 Introduction
  - 8.2 Expression and Localization of DMPs in Bone
    - 8.2.1 DMP1
    - 8.2.2 DPP or DMP2
    - 8.2.3 DSP
    - 8.2.4 DMP4/FAM20C
  - 8.3 Functions of DMPs
    - 8.3.1 DMP1
      - 8.3.1.1 Biomineralization Function of DMP1
      - 8.3.1.2 DMP1 and Stem Cell Differentiation
    - 8.3.2 DPP
      - 8.3.2.1 DPP Mediated Hydroxyapatite Nucleation
      - 8.3.2.2 Signaling Roles of DPP
    - 8.3.3 DSP
    - 8.3.4 DMP4/Fam20C
      - 8.3.4.1 Calcium-Binding Property of DMP4/Fam20c
      - 8.3.4.2 Fam20C/DMP4 and Osteoblast Differentiation
  - 8.4 Tissue Engineering Strategies Using DMPs
    - 8.4.1 DMP1
    - 8.4.2 DPP
    - 8.4.3 DSP
    - 8.4.4 DMP4/Fam20C
  - 8.5 Conclusion
  - References
- 9: Multiphasic, Multistructured and Hierarchical Strategies for Cartilage Regeneration
  - 9.1 Introduction
  - 9.2 The Hierarchical Composition of Articular Cartilage
  - 9.3 Research Progress on Cartilage Regeneration Strategies
    - 9.3.1 Multiphasic Strategies
    - 9.3.2 Multiscale Strategies
    - 9.3.3 Multilayered Strategies
    - 9.3.4 Hierarchical Strategies
  - 9.4 Summary and Future Directions
  - References
- 10: Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Structure, Injuries and Regenerative Treatments
  - 10.1 Introduction
  - 10.2 Anterior Cruciate Ligament
  - 10.3 ACL Replacements
    - 10.3.1 Autograft
    - 10.3.2 Allograft
    - 10.3.3 Xenograft
    - 10.3.4 Synthetic Ligament Implants
  - 10.4 Graft Fixation
  - 10.5 Tissue Engineering of Ligaments
    - 10.5.1 Cell Sources
    - 10.5.2 Growth Factors
    - 10.5.3 Scaffolds
      - 10.5.3.1 Collagenous Structures
      - 10.5.3.2 Silk Based Scaffolds
      - 10.5.3.3 Seri-ACL
      - 10.5.3.4 Sugar-Based Scaffolds
      - 10.5.3.5 Synthetic Structures
      - 10.5.3.6 Interface Tissue Engineering
    - 10.5.4 Bioreactors
    - 10.5.5 Animal Models
  - 10.6 Conclusions
  - References
- 11: Hard-Soft Tissue Interface Engineering
  - 11.1 Introduction
  - 11.2 Structure of Natural Interface Tissues
    - 11.2.1 Ligament and Tendon Insertions
    - 11.2.2 The Osteochondral Interface
    - 11.2.3 Mechanical Properties of Interface Tissues
  - 11.3 Engineering of Tissue Interfaces
    - 11.3.1 Scaffolds
      - 11.3.1.1 Scaffold Properties
      - 11.3.1.2 Scaffold Manufacturing Techniques
    - 11.3.2 External Factors
    - 11.3.3 Cells
  - 11.4 Conclusions
  - References
Part III: Applied Strategies for Tissue Engineering: Dentin, Enamel, Cementum and PDL
- 12: Cementum and Periodontal Ligament Regeneration
  - 12.1 Introduction
  - 12.2 The Periodontal Complex
    - 12.2.1 Cementum
    - 12.2.2 Periodontal Ligament (PDL)
    - 12.2.3 Alveolar Bone
    - 12.2.4 The Oral Mucosa
  - 12.3 Dental Disease
    - 12.3.1 Periodontitis
    - 12.3.2 Periodontal Wound Healing
  - 12.4 Current Treatment Approaches
    - 12.4.1 Bone Grafts
    - 12.4.2 Guided Tissue Regeneration
    - 12.4.3 Delivery of Bioactive Materials
  - 12.5 Cell-Based Tissue Engineering
    - 12.5.1 Challenges and Limitations Associated with Tissue Engineering Based Approaches to Periodontal Therapy
    - 12.5.2 Use of Biomaterials in Regeneration of Dental Tissues
  - 12.6 Mesenchymal Stem Cells
    - 12.6.1 Utilisation and Efficacy of Bone Marrow Derived MSC (BMSC) in Regeneration of Dental Tissues
    - 12.6.2 Utilisation and Efficacy of Dental Pulp Derived MSC (DPSC) in Regeneration of Dental Tissues
    - 12.6.3 Utilisation and Efficacy of Periodontal Ligament Derived MSC (PDLSC) in Regeneration of Dental Tissues
    - 12.6.4 Utilisation and Efficacy of Stem Cells Derived from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth (SHED) in Regeneration of Dental Tissues
    - 12.6.5 Utilisation and Efficacy of Stem Cells from Apical Papilla (SCAP) in Regeneration of Dental Tissues
    - 12.6.6 Utilisation and Efficacy of Dental Follicle Derived Stem Cells (DFC) in Regeneration of Dental Tissues
    - 12.6.7 Utilisation and Efficacy of Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells in Regeneration of Dental Tissues
  - 12.7 Future Prospects for Stem Cells Based Therapies in Periodontal Tissue Regeneration
  - 12.8 Conclusion
  - References
- 13: Amelogenin in Enamel Tissue Engineering
  - 13.1 Introduction
  - 13.2 The Structure and Composition of Mature Enamel
  - 13.3 The Basic Model of Amelogenesis and a Question Mark Over It
  - 13.4 The Role of Proteases or How Amelogenin Needs to Disappear in Order for Apatite to Appear
  - 13.5 Attempts to Probe the Higher Orders of the Structure of Amelogenin
  - 13.6 Combining Protein Assembly, Crystal Growth and Proteolysis in Experiments Attempting to Engineer the Artificial Enamel
  - 13.7 The Role of Other Protein Species, Fluoride, pH, Water and Dentin
  - 13.8 Conclusion and Future Prospects
  - References
- 14: Whole Tooth Regeneration as a Future Dental Treatment
  - 14.1 Introduction
  - 14.2 Developmental Process of Tooth Formation
  - 14.3 Technological Development for Whole Tooth Regeneration by Using a Novel Three-Dimensional Cell Manipulation Method
    - 14.3.1 Biodegradable Scaffold Method
    - 14.3.2 Cell Aggregation Method
    - 14.3.3 Three-Dimensional Cell-ưManipulation Method: The “Organ Germ Method”
  - 14.4 Functional Whole-Tooth Replacement Using the Bioengineered Tooth
    - 14.4.1 Successful Transplantation of a Bioengineered Tooth Germ or a Bioengineered Mature Tooth Unit for Whole-ưTooth Replacement
    - 14.4.2 Biological Response of Bioengineered Tooth to Mechanical Stress
    - 14.4.3 Perceptive Potential for Noxious Stimulation in Bioengineered Tooth
  - 14.5 Conclusion and Future Consideration
  - References
Index