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Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in Adults: Ethical and Legal Perspectives: An overview on FASD for professionals

Tác giả: Nelson, Monty; Trussler, Marguerite

Chủ đề: Medicine; Alcohol

Nhà xuất bản: Springer

Năm xuất bản: 2015

Loại tài liệu: Book

Mô tả vật lý: 303 p.

Định danh: 978-3-319-20866-4

Ngôn ngữ: en

Liên kết: International Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine;Book 63

Đọc trực tuyến

Tải tài liệu

This book discusses and provides insight on the legal and ethical dilemmas of managing those with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). This book provides a clear perspective for those clinicians and legal professionals who are working with those with this disorder, and correspondingly increases their understanding when arranging effective supports for this population. Historically, the primary focus on FASD has been on children. However, this is a lifelong disorder and the implications of this disorder become even more prominent and complex in adulthood. Those with this condition can struggle with impulsiveness, and a host of cognitive difficulties.

Cover
International Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine
Title
Copyright
Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Introduction
Part I Ethical Considerations and Implications in FASD
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: Ethical, Legal and Moral Implications Associated with the Rights of the Unborn Child
- Introduction
- Background
- Moral Personhood
- Establishing an Adversarial Relationship Between Mother and Fetus
- Drinking During PregnancyPre-conception—Who Is Responsible?
- Rights of the Mother
- Rights of the Father
- Political Dimension and Rights of the Child
- Conclusion
- References
Why People with FASD Fall for Manipulative Ploys: Ethical Limits of Interrogators’ Use of Lies
- Introduction
- Social Vulnerability of People with FASD
- A Listing of Ploys Used to Break the Will of a Person with FASD
- Concealing True Purpose Ploy
- False Friendliness Ploy
- Ploy of Reading Miranda Rights Quickly and Without Real Probes
- Ploy to Create an Incentive to Cooperate
- Ploy of Asking Many Irrelevant Questions
- Ploy of Easing Indirectly into Dangerous Territory
- Ploy of Seizing on a Minor Inaccuracy
- Ploy of Mixing Truth or Hypothetical Truth with Fiction
- Ploy of Telling a Lie About Incriminating Evidence
- Cognitive Deficiencies that Place People with FASD at Risk in an Interrogation Situation
- Ploy of Suggesting a Culpability-Minimizing Theory
- Categorization Perspective on Interrogative Deception Vulnerability
- Theory of Mind Perspective on Interrogative Deception Vulnerability
- Communicative Processing Perspective on Interrogative Deception Vulnerability
- Depletion of Cognitive Resources Perspective on Interrogative Deception Vulnerability
- Executive Functioning Perspective on Interrogative Deception Vulnerability
- Do the Ends Justify the Means in Use of Deceptive Interrogation?
- Possibility of False Confession
- Some Lie-Based Techniques Cross an Ethical Line
- References
Neurodevelopmental Disorder Associated with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: Consumer Protection and the Industry’s Duty to Warn
- Abstract
- Why Prevent Neurodevelopmental Disorder Associated with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure?
- Legislation to Regulate and Accurately Label Alcohol
- Surgeon General’s Warning and Alcohol Labeling
- The Alcohol Industry’s Duty to Warn
- References
- Summary
Experience in Involuntary Hospitalisation of Drug and Alcohol Addicted Mothers During Their Pregnancies at Borgestadklinikken, Norway
- Legal Basis
- Duty to Inform
- Further Proceedings
- Deliberations by the County Social Welfare Boards
- A Woman’s Own Description of Being Hospitalised Involuntarily
- Sheltered Unit for Pregnant Drug and Alcohol Abusers Hospitalised Involuntarily at Borgestadklinikken and Voluntary Admissions Unit
- Differing Practice in Institutions
- Results from a Study of Birth Weight in Children Born to Women Hospitalised Involuntarily and Voluntarily
- Other Reports
- Alcohol and Coercion
- Closing Comments
- References
Is It Ethical to Condone Low Levels of Drinking in Pregnancy?
- Introduction
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): A Historical Perspective
- Findings from the Human Literature
- Methodological Issues
  - Confounding
  - Mediation
  - Imprecise Definitions of the Exposures
  - Problematic Use of Outcome Measures
- Findings from the Animal Literature
- Is It Ethical to Condone Low Levels of Drinking in Pregnancy?
- Conclusion
- References
Ethical Challenges When Screening for and Diagnosing FASD in Adults
- Criteria for a Screening Programme
- Ethical Evaluation of Screening for and Diagnosing FASD in Adolescents and Adults
- In Summary
- References
Part II Clinical Perspectives on Criminal Behaviour in FASD
Neurocognitive Difficulties Underlying High Risk and Criminal Behaviour in FASD: Clinical Implications
- Abstract
- Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
- Identifying FASD
- Primary Disabilities and Adverse Outcomes
- Post-Natal Risk Factors and FASD
- Adolescents and Adults with FASD
- FASD and High Risk Behaviours
- Executive Functioning and Self-regulation
- Neurocognitive Functioning in Offender Populations
- Bringing It Together: The FASD-Affected Offender
- The Biopsychosocial Perspective
- Other Complicating Factors
- FASD and the Justice System
- Current Approaches to Offender Rehabilitation
- Meeting the Needs of Offenders with FASD
- Conclusions
- References
Medico-Legal Interventions in Management of Offenders with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)
- Introduction to FASD and Criminality
- Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and the Criminal Justice System
  - Mentally Disordered Offenders (MDOs) with FASD in the Criminal Justice System
    - Statistics
    - FASD and Type of Offences
  - Experiences Within in the Criminal Justice System and the Need for Alternative Approaches
- Issues Impacting Interventions with Offenders with FASD
  - Pre-crime Risk Factors and Initial Encounters with the Criminal Justice System
  - Why Incarceration Is not an Appropriate Intervention
- Interventions for Offenders with FASD
  - Diagnostic Interventions
- FASD Diagnosis and the DSM 5
  - Collaborative Psychosocial Interventions for Offenders with FASD
  - Pharmacological Interventions
  - Legal Interventions
    - Increasing the Efficacy of Legal Interventions Through Changes to the Criminal Justice System
  - Conclusion
  - Psychosocial Interventions
- References
Oral Language and Communication Factors to Consider When Supporting People with FASD Involved with the Legal System
- The Nature of Language Difficulties in FASD
- The Consequences of Language Difficulties in FASD
- What Can Be Done?
- Conclusion
- References
Part III Judicial Perspectives
Evolution of the Diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5: The Justice System in the United States—Time for a Paradigm Shift!
- Structure and Historical Underpinnings
- Development of Law and Level of Understanding of FASD in the Legal System: Pre-DSM-5
- The Issues and Case Law: The DSM-IVDSM-IV-TR Era
- Intellectual Disability and FASD: The Era of DSM-5
- Conclusion
- References
Smart Justice and FASD in Alaska: From Prevention to Sentence Mitigation
- Introduction
- Alaska’s Move Toward Smart Justice
- Services that Can Effectively Keep Adults with FASD Out of the Justice System
- Efforts to Build Supports for Individuals Affected by an FASD Condition
- Background for the Need for a Statutory FASD Mitigating Factor in Alaska Sentencing Law
- Overview of Alaska Legislation Establishing a New Mitigating Factor for FASD
- Designing the Language of the Bill
- Implementation of the FASD Mitigating Factor
- Why the FASD Mitigating Factor Has Been Rarely Proposed Since Its Passage
- Strategies to Support Application of the Mitigating Factor
- Reforming or Eliminating the Need for the FASD Mitigating Factor
- Conclusion
- References
FASD & Justice: The Ethical Case for Effective Training and Knowledge Mobilization Practices for Frontline Justice Professionals in Canada
- Introduction
- Background
  - FASD and the Justice System
  - Research on Police Training
  - Stigma
- Research Findings
  - Methods
    - Officer Knowledge and Prevalence of FASD
    - Stigma and Negative Connotations
    - Training
- Recommended Strategies
  - Short Briefings
  - Scenario-Based Training
  - The Ethical Case for Training
- Conclusion
- References
Part IV Social and Policy Issues
Social Care and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in the UK
- Children With Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorders (FASD)
- The Duties of the UK Social Care System and Children With FASD
- The Need for Professional Training
- Assessment and Diagnosis
- Families’ Experiences of Service Provision
- Summary and Conclusion
- References
FASD in a Canadian Aboriginal Community Context—An Exploration of Some Ethical Issues Involving the Access to FASD Service Delivery
- References
FASD and the Concept of “Intellectual Disability Equivalence”
- Introduction
- Limitations of IQ and IQ Cut-Offs
- Forms of ID-Equivalency Accommodation
- Building Policy Around an Individual-Driven Lawsuit
- Building ID-Equivalency Around Prader-Willi Syndrome
- Developmental Disabilities Solution
- The “Similar Services” Solution
- Adaptive Behavior Substitution for IQ
- FASD and ID-Equivalence in Civil and Criminal Contexts
- A Broader Approach to Cognitive Impairment
- Conclusion: Seeking the ID Behavioral Phenotype
- Quality of Behavioral Incompetence
- Rediscovering the Neurological Basis of IDDD
- A Formula for DD Eligibility that Would Include Many with FASD
- References
Part V Personal Perspectives and Stories
Minimizing Secondary Disabilities
- Primary and Secondary Disabilities Stemming from FASD
- Studies of Primary and Secondary Disabilities
- Study Findings and the Development of Secondary Disabilities
- Risk Factors and Protective Factors in Relation to Secondary Disabilities
- Case: Martin
- Reflections on Martin’s Life and Secondary Disabilities
- Closing Remarks
- References
The Challenges of Raising an FASD Child in Canada
- Abstract
I Did not Take on This Job of Parent in Order to Raise Criminals
- References