Copyright â 2012 Springer
History, epidemiology, prevention and education
Black sheep in surgical wards
Toxaemia, plasmarrhea, or infection?
Burns and sulfa drugs at Pearl Harbor
The Cocoanut Grove fire of 1942, and beyond
Inhalation injury and pulmonary care
Nutrition and the Universal Trauma Model
Epidemiology and prevention of burns throughout the world
The inequitable distribution of burns
Age-related factors: children
Age-related factors: the elderly
Non-electric domestic appliances
War, mass casualties, and terrorism
Hot water temperature regulation
Burns first aid treatment
Conclusions and recommendations
Transition away from open fires and kerosene appliances
Role of the World Health Organization
Prevention of burn injuries
Burns prevalence and relevance
Burn prevention: The basics to design a plan
Target-specific burn prevention strategies
Prevention of scald burns
Burns associated with wars and disasters
Epidemiology of burns sustained during combat operations
Fluid resuscitation and initial burn care in theater
Evacuation of thermally-injured combat casualties
Definitive management of burned casualties at USAISR
Care of host-nation burn patients
Treatment of disaster-related burns
The American Burn Association (ABA) disaster management plan
Education in the internet era
Interprofessional education
Approaches to interprofessional education
What is interprofessional education
European practice guidelines for burn care: Minimum level of burn care provision in Europe
Burn injury and burn care in general
Pre-hospital and initial management of burns
Pre-hospital, fluid and early management, burn wound evaluation
At a local hospital
stabilization prior to transport to the Burn Center
Medical documentation of burn injuries
Contents of an up-to-date burns registry
Medical documentation of burn injuries
Shortcomings in existing documentation systems designs
Burn depth as a dynamic process
Classification based on healing time
Classification of burn depth
Non-clinical methods to classify burn depth
Basic principles of determining the burn extent
Methods to determine burn extent
Computer aided three-dimensional documentation systems
Methods used by BurnCase 3D
Creating a comparable international database
Financing and accomplishment
Pathophysiology of burn injury
Hypovolemia and rapid edema formation
Altered cellular membranes and cellular edema
Hemodynamic consequences of acute burns
Hypermetabolic response to burn injury
Effects on the renal system
Effects on the gastrointestinal system
Effects on the immune system
Anesthesia for patients with acute burn injuries
Perioperative fluid management
Diagnosis and management of inhalation injury
Resuscitation after inhalation injury
(a) Endotracheal intubation
(b) Elective tracheostomy
Bronchial hygiene and chest physio-therapy
Inhaled heparin/N-acetylcystine (Heparin-NAC)
Conventional mechanical ventilation
Low tidal volume and limited plateau pressure approaches
Pathophysiological principles
Lung recruitment maneuvers
Unconventional mechanical ventilation strategies
High-frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV)
High-frequency oscillatory ventilation
Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV)
Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP)
Acute burn care and therapy
Organ responses and organ support
Burn shock and resuscitation
Peripheral nervous system
Post-burn hypermetabolism
Critical care of thermally injured patient
Oxidative stress and Inflammation
Oxidative stress control strategies
Fluid and cardiovascular management beyond 24 hours
Other organ function/dysfunction and support
Respiratory system and inhalation injury
Renal failure and renal replacement therapy
Recombinant human growth hormone
Calcium, phosphate and magnesium
Bone demineralization and osteoporosis
Micronutrients and antioxidants
Treatment of infection in burns
Clinical management strategies
Pathophysiology of the burn wound
Diagnosis and management of specific infections
Catheter related infections
Sepsis in the burn patient
The microbiology of burn wound infection
Pharmacological considerations in the treatment of burn infections
Topical antimicrobial treatment
Gram-positive bacterial infections
Systemic antimicrobial treatment (Table 3)
Enterococcal bacterial infections
Gram-negative bacterial infections
Treatment of yeast and fungal infections
The Polyenes (Amphotericin B)
Nucleoside analog antifungal (Flucytosine)
Acute treatment of severely burned pediatric patients
Initial management of the burned child
Metabolic response and nutritional support
Modulation of the hormonal and endocrine response
Recombinant human growth hormone
Insulin-like growth factor
Novel therapeutic options
Epidemiology and aetiology
Assessment of the burn wound
Initial management of the burn wound
General care of the adult burn patient
Superficial partial thickness wound
Biological/Semi biological dressings
Deep partial thickness wound
Serial wound excision and conservative management
Excision and autografting
Large full thickness burns
Techniques of wound excision
Anatomical considerations
Cultured skin substitutes
Rehabilitation and outcome
Pathophysiologic changes and implications for burn therapy
Acute management challenges
Summary of key points and recommendations
Acute management of facial burns
Anatomy and pathophysiology
Facial burn wound management
Surgical burn wound excision of the face
Special areas and adjacent of the face
Post healing rehabilitation and scar management
Outcome and reconstruction
Initial evaluation and history
Escharotomy and fasciotomy
Surgical management: Early excision and grafting
Treatment of burns
established and novel technology
Synthetic and bio-synthetic membranes
biobrane,awbat, suprathel
Biological membranes
amnion and others
Gene therapy and growth factors
Tissue engineering and stem cells
Mechanisms of wound healing
Chronic non-healing wounds
Hypertrophic scars and keloids
Pain management after burn trauma
Significance of pain management
Pathophysiology of pain after burn injuries
Inflammation-related pain
Sympathetically Maintained Pain (SMP)
Pain rating and documentation
Pain management and analgesics
Form of administration [21]
Pharmacokinetics in severe burns
Non-steroidal antirheumatics (NSAID)
Selective cyclooxygenasis-2-inhibitors
Ketamine (see also intensive care unit and analgosedation)
Anticonvulsants (Gabapentin and Pregabalin)
Antidepressants with analgesic effects
Pain management without analgesics
Psychological techniques [65]
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
Particularities of burn pain
Intervention-induced pain
Dressing change of large burn wounds and removal of clamps in skin grafts
Necrosectomy and skin grafting
Dressing change in smaller burn wounds, baths and physical therapy
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia and opioid tolerance
Analgesia monitoring (see Fig. 2)
Nutrition support for the burn patient
Patient selection: Timing and route of nutritional support
Determining nutritional demands
What is an appropriate initial nutrition plan for this patient?
Formulations for nutritional support
Monitoring nutrition support
Optimal monitoring of nutritional status
Problems and complications of nutritional support
Scientific background supporting the use of HBO in thermal burns
Contraindications for the use of HBO
Nursing management of the burn-injured person
General definition and description
Fluid and electrolyte shifts
Cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and renal system manifestations
Smoke and inhalation injury
Coordination of care: Burn nursings unique role
Nursing interventions: Emergent phase
Nursing interventions: Acute phase
Nursing interventions: Rehabilitative phase
Infection prevention and control
Indications for inpatient treatment
Total burned body surface area (TBSA)
Initial assessment and acute care
Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of chemical burns
Affection of different organ systems
Necrotizing and exfoliative diseases of the skin
Necrotizing diseases of the skin
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Autoimmune blistering diseases
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
Exfoliative diseases of the skin
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Escharotomy and fasciotomy
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