Thông tin chi tiết tài liệu

Quốc hội

Thủ tướng Chính phủ

Liên bộ

Danh sách các Bộ, Ngành

Click vào tìm kiếm

Danh sách các tỉnh & thành phố trực thuộc Trung ương

Chi tiết tài liệu

Surgical Complications: Diagnosis and Treatment

Tác giả: Hakim, Nadey S.; Papalois, Vassilios E.

Chủ đề:

Chủ đề: Medicine; Surgery

Nhà xuất bản: Imperial College Press

Năm xuất bản: 2007

Loại tài liệu: Book

Mô tả vật lý: 1004 p.

Định danh: 978-1-86094-692-9

Ngôn ngữ: en

Đọc trực tuyến

Prompt and accurate diagnosis, as well as effective treatment, of surgical complications is one of the most important elements of surgical practice. This is today more important than at any other time, since over the last 20 years we have witnessed the development of new surgical sub-specialties, the performing of complicated operations in very challenging patients, the introduction of new technologies in surgical practice and, last but not least, an increasing interest in monitoring the quality, medico-legal implications, and ethical dimensions of surgical practice and malpractice.

Cover
Title pages
CONTENTS
Contributors
Foreword
Preface
Chapter 1 A History of Surgical Complications Allan Chapman
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
  - Primary Sources
  - Secondary Sources
Chapter 2 Anaesthetic Complications Christopher Johnstone and Nick Pace
- INTRODUCTION
- COMPLICATIONS OF THE AIRWAY AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
  - Control of Breathing
  - Upper Airway
  - Respiratory Muscles and Lung Mechanics
  - pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents
  - Respiratory obstruction
    - Bronchospasm
    - Laryngospasm
    - Pneumothorax
  - Hypoxia during anaesthesia
- COMPLICATIONS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
  - Hypotension
  - Arrhythmia
    - Tachycardia
    - Aetiology
    - Bradycardia
    - Heart failure
    - Management
  - Hypertension
  - Myocardial ischaemia
    - Clinical features
  - Embolism
    - Gas embolism
    - Thromboembolism
- OTHER COMPLICATIONS
  - Adverse Drug Reactions
  - Awareness
  - Anaphylactic reactions
  - Anaphylactoid reactions
  - Clinical presentation
  - Incidence
  - Management
  - Latex Allergy
  - Malignant Hyperpyrexia
  - Treatment
  - Hepatitis
  - Massive Blood Transfusion
  - Early complications
  - Late complications
- COMPLICATIONS OF LOCAL AND REGIONAL ANAESTHESIA
  - Spinal Anaesthesia
  - Epidural Anaesthesia
  - Upper Limb Blocks
  - Cervical plexus
  - Lower Limb
  - Local Anaesthetic Toxicity
  - Total Spinal
- THEATRE ENVIRONMENT AND EQUIPMENT
  - Electricity
  - Infusion Devices
- REFERENCES
- FURTHER READING
Chapter 3 Cardiopulmonary Complications Carlos M. H. Gómez
- I INTRODUCTION
- II GENERAL PRINCIPLES
  - 1. Diagnosis
  - 2. Management
    - a) Initial management
    - b) Medium term management
      - Haemodynamic management
        
        i Oxygen transport
        
        ii Circulation
      - Ventilatory management
        
        i General aspects
        
        ii Definitions
    - c) Long term management
  - 3. Monitoring
    - a) Clinical
    - b) Less invasive
    - c) Invasive
- III SPECIFIC COMPLICATIONS
  - 1. Systemic Inflammatory Response
  - 2. Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
  - 3. Pneumonia and Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP)
  - 4. Acute Coronary Syndrome/Myocardial Infarction
  - 5. Dysrrhythmias
    - a) Atrial fibrillation (AF)
    - b) Ventricular tachyarrhythmias
  - 6. Atelectasis
  - 7. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
  - 8. Pulmonary Embolism
  - 9. Pleural Effusion
  - 10. Weaning Dif.culties
    - Tracheostomies
  - 11. Slow Progress
  - REFERENCES
Chapter 4 Surgical Infections Nazar A. Mustafa, Vasillios E. Papalois and Nadey S. Hakim
- INTRODUCTION
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SURGICAL INFECTION
  - Definition
  - Defence Mechanisms
- SURGICAL MICROBIOLOGY
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF INFECTION
- TYPES OF SURGICAL INFECTION
  - A. Surgical Site Infection
  - B. Soft Tissue Infection
  - C. Body Cavity Infection
  - D. Prosthetic Device Related Infection
  - E. Hospital Acquired Infection
- CONCLUSION
- REFERENCES
Chapter 5 Surgical Wound Complications Umraz Khan
- THE VASCULAR SUPPLY OF SKIN
- WOUND HEALING
  - Haemostasis
  - Fibroblasts
  - Acute
  - Kertinocytes
  - SkinWounds
  - Chronic
- FACTORS WHICH LEAD TO POORWOUND HEALING
- ELECTIVE VERSUS EMERGENCY SURGERY
  - The Reconstructive Ladder
  - The Situation
- POST-SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS SPECIFIC SITUATIONS
  - Orthopaedics
- GENERAL SURGERY
  - Ent, Head and Neck Surgery
  - Breast Reduction Surgery
  - Breast Surgery
  - Early
  - Breast Augmentation
  - Breast Cancer
- REFERENCES
Chapter 6 Complications in Breast Surgery Lisa A. Newman and Vernon K. Sondak
- BACKGROUND
- GENERALWOUND COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO BREAST AND AXILLARY SURGERY
- COMPLICATIONS SPECIFIC TO MASTECTOMY PROCEDURES
- COMPLICATIONS SPECIFIC TO LUMPECTOMY PROCEDURES
- COMPLICATIONS SPECIFIC TO DIAGNOSTIC OPEN BIOPSY PROCEDURES
- COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO AXILLARY STAGING PROCEDURES
- COMPLICATIONS SPECIFIC TO IMMEDIATE BREAST RECONSTRUCTION (IBR)
- OTHER ISSUES RELATED TO BREAST SURGERY COMPLICATION RATES
- REFERENCES
Chapter 7 Complications of Head and Neck Surgery Patrick J. Bradley and Antony A. Narula
- COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELAE
- INTRODUCTION
- CLASSIFICATION OF HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
- INDICATION FOR ANTIBIOTICS
- USE OF FLAPS
- SPECIFIC PROCEDURES
  - 1) Complications of Endoscopy
    - Technique
  - 2) Transoral Examination and Biopsy
    - Complications may occur from the exposure, resection or repair.
      - 1) Exposure
      - 2) Resection
      - 3) Repair
      - 4) Direct Laryngoscopy
      - 5) Oesophagoscopy
      - 6) Bronchoscopy
  - Complications of Laser Surgery
  - Complications of Tracheostomy
    - Surgical Technique
    - Early Complications
    - Late Complications
    - Complications of Neck Surgery
    - Planning the Neck Surgery
- COMPLICATIONS
  - Chyle Leak
  - Haematoma/Seroma
  - Anatomy
  - Presentation
  - Management
  - Carotid Artery Blow Out
  - Air Embolism
- CRANIAL NERVE INJURY
  - Vagus Nerve
  - Anatomy
  - Spinal Accessory Nerve
  - Phrenic Nerve Injury
  - Sympathetic Nerve Injury
  - Pharyngocutaneous Fistula
  - Prevention
- MANAGEMENT
  - Conservative Management
  - Surgical Repair
  - Complications of Flap Surgery
  - Late Effects after Pharyngocutaneous Fistula
  - Complications of Major Salivary Gland Surgery
  - Donor Site Complications
- NERVE INJURY
  - Parotid Surgery: Facial Nerve
  - Parotid Surgery: The Greater Auricular Nerve
- SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND
  - Facial Nerve, Lingual Nerve, and Hypoglossal Nerve
  - Gustatory Sweating (Freys Syndrome)
  - Haematoma
  - Salivary Leak or Sialocoele
  - Intraoperative Bleeding
  - Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
  - Postoperative Bleeding
  - Unilateral Recurrent Nerve Palsy
  - Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis
  - Hypoparathyroidism
- REFERENCES
Chapter 8 Complications of Cardiothoracic Surgery Joanna Chikwe and Thanos Athanasiou
- 1. GENERAL COMPLICATIONS
  - Respiratory Compromise
    - chest infection
    - pulmonary embolism
  - Exacerbation of COPD
    - pleural effusion
    - Major Haemorrhage
    - Complications of Thoracic Incisions
      - Deep sternal wound infection
      - sternal instability and sterile dehiscence
      - Superficial wound infection
      - Sternal dehiscence
    - Hypertrophic and Keloid scars
      - sternal wires
      - Incisional hernias
  - Peripheral nerve injuries
    - Brachial plexus injury
    - Horners syndrome
    - phrenic nerve palsy
    - Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
    - Sympathetic dystrophy (radial and saphenous nerves)
    - Ulnar nerve injury
- 2. COMPLICATIONS OF CARDIAC SURGERY
  - Complications Post-cardiotomy
    - Low cardiac output
    - Cardiac tamponade
    - Pericardial effusion
    - Pericarditis
    - Arrhythmias
    - Constrictive pericarditis
    - Hypertension
  - Complications of Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB)
    - Aortic dissection
    - Air embolism
    - IVC laceration
    - Cardiovascular complications
    - Renal complications
    - Respiratory complications
    - Central nervous system complications
    - Activation of blood constituents
      - Plasma protein systems
      - Cellular systems
    - Gastrointestinal complications
    - Haemostatic complications
  - Complications of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
    - Myocardial ischaemia
    - Late recurrent angina, MI and reintervention
    - Perioperative myocardial infarction
    - Postoperative progression of native vessel disease
  - Complications of Valve Surgery
    - Infective endocarditis
      - Major criteria
      - Minor criteria
    - Paraprosthetic leak
    - Prosthesis failure
    - Valve thrombosis
    - Complete heart block
    - Early and late mortality
    - Reoperation for any reason
  - Complications of Thoracic Aortic Surgery
- 3. COMPLICATIONS OF THORACIC SURGERY
  - Complications of Lung Resection for Malignancy
    - Death and recurrence
    - Bronchopleural fistula and empyema
    - Prolonged air leak
    - Complications of bronchial and tracheal resections
  - Complications of Oesophageal Resection and Reconstruction
    - Death and recurrence
    - Anastomotic complications
    - Functional disorders
  - Complications of Anti-reflux Surgery
    - Mortality
    - Fistula formation
    - Functional problems
    - Iatrogenic injury
    - Paraoesophageal herniation
  - Complications of Mediastinal Surgery
    - Resection of anterior mesiastinal masses
    - Mediastinocopy and mediastinotomy
    - Thorascopic sympathectomy
  - Endoscopy and Stenting
  - General Thoracic Complications
    - Intrapleural space
    - Chylothorax
    - Surgical emphysema
    - Bronchovascular .stula
    - Cardiac herniation
    - Lobar torsion
- REFERENCES
Chapter 9 Complications of Vascular Surgery Christopher N. Compton, Navyash Gupta and Michel S. Makaroun
- RENAL COMPLICATIONS
- CARDIAC COMPLICATIONS
  - GI Complications
  - Prosthetic Graft Infection
- PARAPLEGIA
  - Complications of Endovascular Therapy
- REFERENCES
Chapter 10 Complications of Surgery of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Colleen B. Gaughan, Alexander A. Parikh and John M. Daly
- INTRODUCTION
- ESOPHAGUS
  - Surgery for Cancer of the Oesophagus
  - Transhiatal vs transthoracic oesophagectomy for cancer
  - Haemorrhage
  - Tracheobronchial injury
  - Pneumothorax
  - Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury
  - Cardiovascular complications
  - Pulmonary complications
  - Anastomotic leak
    - Hand-sewn versus stapled anastomosis
    - Transhiatal versus transthoracic technique
  - Conduit obstruction
  - Complications of neoadjuvant therapy
  - Chylous leak
  - Antire.ux Surgery
  - Intraoperative complications
  - Functional digestive disturbances
  - Surgery for achalasia/oesophageal myotomy
- STOMACH AND DUODENUM
  - Gastric Cancer
  - Anastomotic Leak
  - Duodenal Stump Dehiscence
  - Delayed Gastric Emptying/Gastric Stasis
  - Pancreatitis/Gallstones
  - Dumping Syndrome
  - Roux syndrome
  - Bile Reflux Gastritis
  - Post-vagotomy Diarrhoea
  - Afferent Loop Syndrome
  - Marginal/Recurrent Ulceration
  - Anaemia and Nutritional Abnormalities
- CONCLUSIONS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 11 Complications of Colorectal Surgery Paul B. Boulos and Austin OBichere
- SMALL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION
  - Clinical Presentation
  - Management
- HAEMORRHAGE
  - Anterior abdominal wall
  - Clinical Presentation
  - Management
  - Intraperitoneal
  - Mesentry
  - Pelvis
  - Anal canal
  - Perineal
- GASTROINTESTINAL FISTULA
  - Clinical Presentation
  - Management
- ANASTOMOTIC DEHISCENCE
  - Clinical Presentation
  - Management
- ANASTOMOTIC STRICTURE
- VISCERAL INJURY
  - Clinical Presentation and Management
  - Stomach
  - Duodenum
  - Pancreas
  - Small intestine
  - Spleen
  - Ureter
  - Anal sphincters
  - Bladder
- GENITOURINARY COMPLICATIONS
  - Applied pelvic neuroanatomy
  - Voiding dysfunction
  - Sexual dysfunction
- STOMA COMPLICATIONS
  - Clinical Presentation and Management
  - Early Complications
  - Necrosis
  - Skin problems
  - Obstruction
  - Retraction
  - Hernia
  - Late Complications
  - Prolapse
  - Stenosis
  - Complications of Stoma Closure
  - Fistulation
- SEPSIS
  - Perineal wound infection
  - Wound infections
  - Intra-abdominal infection
- ABDOMINAL COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
  - Pathophysiology
  - Diagnosis and Treatment
- CONCLUSION
Chapter 12 Complications of Major Hepatobiliary Surgery David J. Reich, Hoonbae Jeon, Jorge A. Ortiz and Cosme Manzarbeitia
- COMPLICATIONS OF HEPATIC RESECTION
  - Results of Hepatic Resection
  - Anatomic and Technical Principles of Hepatic Resection
  - Vascular Occlusion Techniques for Hepatic Resection
  - Division of the Hepatic Parenchyma
  - Haemorrhage from Hepatic Resection
  - Intraoperative bleeding
  - Postoperative bleeding
  - Bile Leakage and Fistula Formation after Hepatic Resection
  - Hepatic Decompensation and Liver Failure after Hepatic Resection
- COMPLICATIONS OF RESECTION FOR BILIARY MALIGNANCY
  - Preoperative Planning
  - Biliary Tree Resection and Lymphadenectomy
  - Management of Biliaryenteric Leak
  - Management of Biliaryenteric Stricture
- COMPLICATIONS OF RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION FOR HEPATIC LESIONS
  - Thermal Injuries Complicating Radiofrequency Ablation
  - Hepatic Failure after Radiofrequency Ablation
  - Tumour Ablation Syndrome after Radiofrequency Ablation
  - Intraparenchymal Abscess and Other Collections
- CONCLUSION
- REFERENCES
Chapter 13 Complications of Pancreatic Surgery Nicholas Alexakis, Saxon Connor, Paula Ghaneh, Robert Sutton, Jonathan C. Evans and John P. Neoptolemos
- INTRODUCTION
  - Morbidity and Mortality of the Kausch-Whipple Operation
  - Effect of Preoperative Biliary Drainage on Postoperative Complications
  - Medical Complications Following Pancreatic Resection
  - Surgical Complications Following Pancreatic Resection
  - Management of a pancreatic fistula or leak
    - Haemorrhage
    - Intra-abdominal abscess
    - Delayed gastric emptying
    - Enteric and biliary fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy
    - Intra-abdominal fluid collections
    - Other uncommon major complications
    - Role of octreotide in decreasing postoperative complications following pancreatic resection
    - Comparison of postoperative complications between standard and extended resection for pancreas cancer
    - Comparison of postoperative complications between standard versus pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy
    - Endocrine and exocrine insuf.ciency after pancreatoduodenectomy
    - Re-admissions after pancreatoduodenectomy
    - Evolution of specialist centres and the volumemortality effect
  - Role of main pancreatic duct occlusion
- DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING PANCREATIC NECROSECTOMY
  - Organ Dysfunction
  - Bleeding
  - Fistulae
  - Gastrointestinal fistulae
  - Pancreatic fistula
  - Pseudocyst
  - Delayed Necrosis and Distant Collections
  - Disease Related Complications Requiring Surgical Intervention
    - Colonic necrosis
    - Portal-splenic-mesenteric vein thrombosis
  - Biliary Strictures
  - Long-Term Outcome
  - Miscellaneous Complications
- REFERENCES
Chapter 14 Complications of Splenectomy Basil Ch. Golematis, Ilias P. Gomatos and Manousos M. Konstadoulakis
- INTRODUCTION
- INDICATIONS FOR SPLENECTOMY
- PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS
- SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
- TOTAL SPLENECTOMY (ANTERIOR APPROACH)
- PARTIAL SPLENECTOMY
- LAPAROSCOPIC SPLENECTOMY
- POST-SPLENECTOMY MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY
- HAEMORRHAGE
- PROPHYLAXIS AGAINST POST-SPLENECTOMY SEPSIS
- POST-SPLENECTOMY ATELECTASIS
- POSTOPERATIVE INFECTIONS
- POST-SPLENECTOMY THROMBOCYTOSIS
- DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS
- PANCREATIC COMPLICATIONS
  - Acute Pancreatitis
  - Peripancreatic Fluid Collection
  - Post-splenectomy Necrotising Pancreatitis
  - Pancreatic Fistulas
- DISEASE-SPECIFIC COMPLICATIONS
  - Haematologic Malignancies
  - Sickle Cell Disease
- SPLENOSIS
- COMMENTS ON LAPAROSCOPIC SPLENECTOMY
- CONCLUSIONS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 15 Complications of Groin Hernia Surgery Enrico Nicolo
- INTRODUCTION
- COMPLICATIONS OF HERNIA SURGERY
  - Injury to Blood Vessels
  - Vas Deferens
  - Injury to the Nerves
  - Injury to the Testicular Blood Supply
  - Ischaemic orchitis, testicular atrophy
  - Bladder injury
  - Hydrocele and Seroma
  - Visceral Complications
  - Bowel injury
  - Sliding hernia
  - Ureter
  - Laparoscopy
    - Complications due to the laparoscopic access
    - Complications speci.c to the laparoscopic hernia repair
    - Nerve injury
    - Recurrences
    - Visceral injury
- COMPLICATIONS OF PROSTHETIC HERNIA REPAIR
  - Infection
- CONCLUSION
- REFERENCES
Chapter 16 Complications in Endocrine Surgery Panagiotis B. Kekis, Simon G. T. Smith, John A. Lynn and William R. Fleming
- THYROID AND PARATHYROID SURGERY
  - Introduction
  - Nerve Complications
  - Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury
  - superior laryngeal nerve injury
  - Miscellaneous nerve injuries
  - Haemorrhage
  - Vascular Complications
  - Carotid artery and jugular vein injury
  - Failed Surgery Metabolic Complications
  - Thyroid
    - Postoperative hypocalcaemia hypoparathyroidism
    - Thyroid storm
    - Postoperative hypothyroidismrecurrent hyperthyroidism
  - Parathyroid
  - Persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism
  - Miscellaneous Complications
  - Wound healing problem
    - Airway compromise and tracheal injury
  - Oesophageal injury
  - Mortality
  - Thoracic duct damage
  - REFERENCES
- ADRENAL SURGERY
  - Cushings syndrome
  - Diagnostic Complications
  - Introduction
  - Conns syndrome
  - Phaeochromocytoma
  - Adrenocortical carcinoma
  - Incidentaloma
  - Operative Complications
    - Introduction
    - Laparoscopic adrenalectomy
    - Vascular injuries
    - Organ injuries
    - Postoperative Endocrine Complications
  - REFERENCES
- PANCREATIC SURGERY
  - Introduction
  - Failed Surgery
  - Insulinoma
  - Gastrinoma
  - Other Pancreatic Endocrine Tumours
  - Pancreas-Related Complications
  - Pancreatic Fistula
  - Pancreatic Pseudocyst
  - Abscess
  - Pancreatic Insufficiency
  - Pancreatitis
  - Bile and Enteric Leak
  - Mortality
  - Non-pancreas Related Complications
  - REFERENCES
Chapter 17 Surgical Complications in Paediatric Surgery Muhammad Tariq Dosani, Nadey S. Hakim and Vassilios E. Papalois
- INTRODUCTION
- GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
- HEAD AND NECK
  - Branchial Cleft Remnants
  - Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
  - Lymphangiomas and Cystic Hygroma
- CHEST
  - Pectus Excavatum
  - Pectus Carniatum
  - Tracheooesophageal Fistula
  - Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
  - Laryngeotracheal Cleft
- ABDOMEN
  - Gastroschisis and Omphalocele
  - Hydrocele
  - Intestinal Atresia/Stenosis
  - Inguinal Hernia
  - Umbilical Hernia
  - Malrotation of Gut
  - Meconium Ileus
  - Hirchsprungs Disease
  - Imperforate Anus
  - Necrotising Enterocolitis
- References
Chapter 18 Complications of Urological Surgery Tamsin J. Greenwell and Anthony R. Mundy
- INTRODUCTION
- COMPLICATIONS OF RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY AND NEPHROURETERECTOMY (Table 1)
- COMPLICATIONS OF ANATROPHIC NEPHROLITHOTOMY AND PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY (Table 2)
- COMPLICATIONS OF OPEN URETERIC SURGERY (Table 3)
- COMPLICATIONS OF URETERO-RENOSCOPY (Table 4)
- COMPLICATIONS OF RADICAL CYSTECTOMY AND RADICAL CYSTOPROSTATECTOMY (Table 5)
- COMPLICATIONS OF URINARY DIVERSION AND URINARY TRACT RECONSTRUCTION
- ORTHOTOPIC AND HETEROTOPIC NEOBLADDERS
- COMPLICATIONS OF SIMPLE AND RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY (Table 8)
- COMPLICATIONS OF TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF THE PROSTATE (Table 9)
- COMPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL URINARY SPHINCTER INSERTION (Table 10)
- COMPLICATIONS OF SUPRAVESICAL CONTINENT CATHETERISABLE CHANNEL FORMATION (MITROFFANOFF OR MONTI CHANNELS) (Table 11)
- COMPLICATIONS OF FEMALE STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE SURGERY (Table 12)
- COMPLICATIONS OF ENDOSCOPIC AND OPEN MANAGEMENT OF URETHRAL STRICTURE DISEASE (Table 13)
- REFERENCES
Chapter 19 Complications of Gynaecological Surgery Krishen Sieunarine and J. Richard Smith
- INTRODUCTION
- INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
  - Anaesthetic
  - Ureteric Damage
  - Repairing ureteric damage
  - Bladder Damage
  - Bladder repair
  - Bowel Damage
  - Bowel repair
  - Vascular Damage and Primary Haemorrhage
  - Uterine Perforation and False Passage
  - Bowel damage
  - Complications at Laparoscopy
  - Bladder damage
  - Damage to blood vessels
  - Diathermy damage
  - Perioperative Factors
- POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
- IMMEDIATE
  - Haemorrhage
  - Delayed Recovery
  - Nausea and Vomiting
  - Others
  - Pain
  - Restlessness
  - Transfusion Reactions
- INTERMEDIATE
  - Atelectasis
  - Infection
  - Unexplained
  - Urinary tract infection
  - Haematomas
  - Wound infection
  - Bladder and ureteric injury
  - Paralytic Ileus
  - Surgical Damage to the Urinary Tract
  - Deep Vein Thrombosis
  - Surgical Damage to the Bowel
  - Pulmonary Embolism
  - Urinary Retention
  - Wound Dehiscence
- LATE COMPLICATIONS
  - Wound Dehiscence
  - Bowel Obstruction
  - Secondary Haemorrhage
  - Bladder Dysfunction
  - Incisional Hernia
  - Psychosexual Disorders
  - Burch Colposuspension
- REFERENCES
- SUMMARY
Chapter 20 Complications of Neurosurgery Wolff M. Kirsch and Lloyd Dayes
- AVOIDING, RECOGNISING AND TREATING COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO LUMBAR SPINE SURGERY
- AVOIDING, RECOGNISING AND TREATING COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO CRANIAL TRAUMA
- AVOIDING, RECOGNISING AND TREATING COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO TRANSSPHENOIDAL PITUITARY SURGERY
- CONCLUSIONS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 21 Complications in Orthopaedic Surgery Wael Dandachli and Justin P. Cobb
- INTRODUCTION
- DEEP INFECTION
  - A. Pathology
  - B. Diagnosis
  - C. Treatment
- VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM
  - A. Pathology
  - B. Diagnosis
    - 1. Deep vein thrombosis
    - 2. Pulmonary embolism
  - C. Prophylaxis
  - D. Treatment
- JOINT INSTABILITY AND DISLOCATION
  - A. Introduction
  - B. Risk Factors
  - C. Diagnosis
  - D. Prevention and Treatment
- VASCULAR COMPLICATIONS
  - A. Introduction
  - B. Diagnosis
  - C. Treatment
- NERVE INJURIES
  - A. Introduction
  - B. Diagnosis
  - C. Treatment
- PERIPROSTHETIC FRACTURES
  - A. Introduction
  - B. Diagnosis
  - C. Treatment
- HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION
  - A. Introduction
  - B. Diagnosis
  - C. Prevention and Treatment
- COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME
  - A. Introduction
  - B. Clinical Features and Diagnosis
  - C. Treatment
- ACUTE COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
  - A. Introduction
  - B. Diagnosis
  - C. Treatment
- REFERENCES
Chapter 22 Complications of Microsurgery Earl Owen
- BEFORE ATTEMPTING ANY CLINICAL MICROSURGERY
  - a) Get Proper Training
  - b) Understand the Living Tissues
  - c) Learn the Secret to Avoid Complications
  - d) Keep the Tissues Moist andWarm
- THE ENEMIES THAT CAUSE COMPLICATIONS
  - a) Tissue Damaged Due to Drying
  - b) Tissues Opposed Under Tension
  - c) Leaving Damaged Tissues inWound
  - d) Causing Bleeding
  - e) Introducing Infection
- THE MOST COMMON MICROSURGICAL OPERATIONS, COMPLICATIONS, AND THEIR PREVENTION
  - A) Digit and Limb Replantations and Partial Replantations
  - B) Anastomoses of Very Small Arteries
  - C) Anastomoses of Small Veins
  - D) Anastomosis of the Ureter
  - E) Anastomoses of the VAS, and Epididymo-Vasostomies
  - F) Anastomoses of the Fallopian Tube
  - G) Anastomoses of Peripheral Nerves
  - H) Free Flaps
- OTHER MICROSURGICAL OPERATIONS
- REFERENCES
Chapter 23 Complications of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Ivo Pitanguy, Henrique N. Radwanski and Natale Ferreira Gontijo De Amorim
- INTRODUCTION
- BASIC PRINCIPLES
- SECONDARY AESTHETIC SURGERY
  - The Face
  - Standard and secondary rhytidoplasty
  - The Nose
  - Body Contour
- REFERENCES
Chapter 24 Complications of Minimally Invasive Surgery Rajesh Aggarwal, Shabnam Undre and Ara Darzi
- INTRODUCTION
- INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
  - Complications of Access
  - Vascular complications
  - Gastrointestinal complications
  - Major Organ Damage
  - Electrosurgical Injuries in Laparoscopy
  - Nerve Damage During Laparoscopic Surgery
- PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY
- BILIARY COMPLICATIONS
  - Biliary leak
  - Perforation of the gallbladder
  - Bile duct injury
  - Biliary stricture
- CONVERSION TO AN OPEN PROCEDURE
- LATE COMPLICATIONS OF LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY
  - Port Site Herniae
  - Port Site Metastases
  - Recurrence After Laparoscopic Hernia Repair
- CONCLUSION
- References
Chapter 25 Complications in Transplantation Surgery Konstantinos Vlachos, Thanos Athanassiou, Nazar A. Mustafa, Vasillios E. Papalois and Nadey S. Hakim
- RENAL TRANSPLANTATION
  - Renal Artery Thrombosis
  - Vascular Complications
  - Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis
  - Other Renal Artery Complications
  - Renal Vein Thrombosis
  - Arteriovenous Fistulae
  - Obstruction
  - Urological Complications
  - Urine Leakage
  - Collections
  - General Surgery Complications
  - Miscellaneous
  - Calculi
  - Gastrointestinal Complications
  - Femoral Neuropathy
  - Hydrocele
  - Rupture
  - Vesicoureteric Re.ux
- PANCREAS TRANSPLANTATION
  - Thrombosis
  - Vascular Complications
  - Arteriovenous fistulas
  - Haemorrhage
  - Mycotic pseudoaneurysm
  - Graft pancreatitis
  - Intra-abdominal Infections
  - Anastomotic Leak
  - Complications Related to Bladder Drainage
- LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
  - Hepatic artery complications
  - Vascular Complications
  - Portal vein complications
  - Hyperperfusion injury and arterial steal syndrome
  - Vena cava complications
  - Haemorrhage
  - Hepatic vein complications
  - Mycotic pseudoaneurysm
  - Splenic artery aneurysms
  - Biliary Complications
  - Other complications
  - Leakage
  - Strictures
  - Cholangitis
  - Cholestasis
  - Lithiasis
- SMALL BOWEL TRANSPLANTATION
  - Haemorrhage
  - Intestinal perforation
  - Surgical Complications
  - Vascular complications
  - Enterocolitis
  - Sepsis
  - Stomal complications
- HEART TRANSPLANTATION
  - Indications
  - Introduction
  - Complications
  - Rejection
  - Infection
  - Transplant Coronary Artery Disease
  - Gastrointestinal Complications
  - Malignancy
  - Results of Heart Transplantation
- LUNG TRANSPLANTATION
  - Introduction
  - Complications of Lung Transplantation
  - Indications
  - Haemorrhage
  - Left atrial anastomotic obstruction
  - Pulmonary artery obstruction
  - Surgical Complications
  - Pleural complications
  - Reimplantation response
  - Clinical results
- POST-TRANSPLANT SURGICAL INFECTIONS
  - Net State of Immunosuppression
  - Timetable of Infection
  - Evaluation of Transplant Patients with Suspected Surgical Infection
  - Some Examples of Lethal and Rare Post-Transplant Surgical Infections
- CONCLUSION
- REFERENCES
Chapter 26 Complications of theGastrointestinal Endoscopic Procedures and Their Management DavidWestaby and Panagiotis Vlavianos
- GENERAL COMPLICATIONS
  - Complications Associated with Sedation and Analgesia, and Their Management
  - Risk of infection
- SPECIFIC COMPLICATIONS
  - Complications of Diagnostic Upper GI Endoscopy
  - Complications of Therapeutic Upper GI Endoscopy
  - Complications of upper gastrointestinal dilatation
  - Complications in the treatment of upper GI malignancies
  - Complications of gastric polypectomy
  - Diagnosis and management of complications associated with upper GI endoscopy
  - Complications of endoscopic haemostasis
  - Complications of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) Tube Insertion
  - Management recommendations
  - Complications of Colonoscopy
  - Diagnosis and management of colonoscopic complications
  - Complications of ERCP
  - Complications of Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
  - Post-ERCP pancreatitis
  - Strategies for avoiding post-ERCP pancreatitis
  - Haemorrhage
  - Cholangitis and other infectious complications
  - Perforation
  - Cardiorespiratory and thromboembolic complications
  - Complications of Endoscopic Ultrasound
  - Infectious complications
  - Perforation
  - Haemorrhage
  - Pancreatitis
- REFERENCES
Chapter 27 Complications of Interventional Radiological Procedures Gabriel Conder and Wady Gedroyc
- INTRODUCTION
- GASTROINTESTINAL INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
  - Colorectal stenting
  - Gastrointestinal Stenting
  - Oesophageal stenting
  - Percutaneous Feeding Tube Placement
- HEPATOBILIARY INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
  - Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt
  - Imaging Guided Liver Biopsy
- URINARY TRACT INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
  - Percutaneous Nephrostomy
  - Ultrasound Guided Renal Biopsy
- ARTERIAL ENDOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
  - Puncture Site Complications
  - General and Catheter Related Complications of Endovascular Intervention109
  - Complications of Angioplasty and Stent Placement
  - Therapeutic Endovascular Embolisation
- VENOUS INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
  - Venous Filter Placement
- MISCELLANEOUS INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGICAL PROCEDURES
  - Vertebroplasty
  - Radiological Ablations
- REFERENCES
Chapter 28 Psychiatric Complications Related to Surgical Procedures Justin L. Dwyer and Steven Reid
- PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT
  - Anxiety Disorders
  - Drug and Alcohol Misuse
  - Mood Disorders
  - Psychotic Disorders
  - Personality Disorders
  - Somatoform Disorders
- POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
  - Delirium
  - Depression
- SURGICAL SPECIALTIES
  - Transplantation Surgery
  - Cardiac Surgery
  - ENT Surgery
  - Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
  - Amputations
  - Breast Cancer Surgery
  - Stoma Surgery
  - Urological Surgery
- INFORMED CONSENT AND COMPULSORY TREATMENT
- REFERENCES
Chapter 29 Medico-Legal Issues Victoria J. Mansell and Martin A. Mansell
- INTRODUCTION
- MEDICAL ETHICS: A SUMMARY
  - Current Ethical Principles
- THE PROFESSION OF MEDICINE
- CONFIDENTIALITY
- RESEARCH
- CONSENT
  - Information
- CLINICAL GOVERNANCE AN INTRODUCTION
- LITIGATION ISSUES
  - Introduction
  - Radiology
  - General Surgery
  - Urology
  - Orthopaedic Surgery
- PREVENTION OF LITIGATION
- WHEN LITIGATION OCCURS
- CONCLUSION
- FURTHER READING
Index